Phospholipases

A) The hypothesis being tested here is the enhancement in the lipase activity of phospholipase C-?1 via phosphorylation of tyrosine 783.B) To perform the experiment equal concentrations of purified phospholipase-C-?1 were set on incubation with the active kinase domain of FGFR2 and ATP in bovine serum albumin containing buffer. The samples of this reactions were tested for two activities: 1) for lipase activity in the phospholipid vehicles indicated in the figure on left y axis. Secondly the phosphate incorporation in phospholipase-C-?1 was studied, illustrated at right y axis of figure.This was performed to check the phosphorylation of tyrosine and auto inhibition of PLC-? isozymes, 775/783 of PLC-?1 were substitutes at the place of phenylalanine, they could be used individually or together, but in the experiment tyr783 is used individually. Phospholipase activity of resulting mutant after purification was quantified with active domain of FGFR2K (helps in phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase). certain known moles of phosphates were added into purified PLC-?1 in wild type under above mentioned conditions and was observed that phospholipase activity was enhanced 10 times. The mutation of tyr783 completely nullified the kinase stimulated acceleration of phospholipase activity along with reduction in FGFR2K-promoted phosphorylation of PLC-?1. Therefore, phosphorylation of Tyr783 is vital forrelief of auto-inhibition. C) Studies reveal that Tyr-783 was essential for auto inhibition. As discussed above, permanent phosphorylation of tyr-783 will completely nullify the kinase stimulated and FGFR2K stimulated phosphorylation of PLC-?1. lipase activity of PLC-?1 will be enhanced across its limits and over-expression of PLC-?1 can induce malignant transformation. The results could be leading to production of carcinoma cells. It has been found in various studies that activity of PLC-?1 is more in cancerous cells as compared to normal cells. So, permanent phosphorylation tyr783 could be a way leading to malignant cancers.

Job Order and Process Costing Systems †Quiz Essay

Question : (TCO F) Assume there is no beginning work in process inventory and the ending work in process inventory is 100% complete with respect to materials costs. The number of equivalent units with respect to materials costs under the weighted-average method is: Â  Student Answer: XX the same as the number of units put into production. less than the number of units put into production. the same as the number of units completed. less than the number of units completed. Â   Instructor Explanation: Chapter 4 Points Received: 5 of 5 Comments: Great job 2. Question : (TCO F) Process costing would be appropriate for each of the following except: Student Answer: XX custom furniture manufacturing. oil refining. grain milling. newsprint production. Instructor Explanation: Chapter 4 Points Received: 5 of 5 Comments: Great job Question : (TCO F) Lucas Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The company adds materials at the beginning of the process in the Forming Department, which is the first of two stages in its production process. Information concerning operations in the Forming Department in October follows: Question : (TCO F) During December at Ingrim Corporation, $74,000 of raw materials were requisitioned from the storeroom for use in production. These raw materials included both direct and indirect materials. The indirect materials totaled $6,000. The journal entry to record the requisition from the storeroom would include a: Student Answer: debit to Raw Materials of $74,000. XX debit to Work in Process of $68,000. credit to Manufacturing Overhead of $6,000. debit to Work in Process of $74,000. Instructor Explanation: Chapter 3 Points Received: 5 of 5 Comments: Great job 6. Question : (TCO F) Wedd Corporation had $35,000 of raw materials on hand on May 1. During the month, the company purchased an additional $68,000 of raw materials. During May, $92,000 of raw materials were requisitioned from the storeroom for use in production. These raw materials included both direct and indirect materials. The indirect materials totaled $5,000. The debits to the Work in Process account as a consequence of the raw materials transactions in May total: Student Answer: $92,000. $0. $68,000. XX $87,000. Instructor Explanation: Chapter 3 Points Received: 5 of 5 Comments: Great job 1. Question : (TCO F) Some companies use process costing and some use job-order costing. Which method a company uses depends on its industry. A number of companies in different industries are listed below: i. Custom boat builder ii. Frozen cranberry juice processor iii. Concrete block manufacturer iv. Winery that produces a number of varietal wines v. Aluminum refiner that makes aluminum ingots from bauxite ore For each company, indicate whether the company is most likely to use job-order costing or process costing. Student Answer: Job order costing is where a company produces different products each period, they are made to order, All costs are traced to each job and requires that each job has documentation of all costs associated with it. Process costing is when a company produces a single product for a long period of time and the product is the same or very similar, the costs are accumulated by department. i. Custom boat builder= Job-order costing ii. Frozen cranberry juice processor= process costing iii. Concrete block manufacturer= process costing iv. Winery that produces a number of varietal wines= Job-order Costing v. Aluminum refiner that makes aluminum ingots from bauxite ore= process costing 3. Question : (TCO F) Harmon Company uses the weighted-average method in its process costing system. The Curing Department of Harmon Company reported the following information for the month of November. Units Percentage complete with respect to conversion Work in process, November 1 10,000 80% Units started 28,000 Completed and transferred out 30,000 Work in process, November 30 8,000 30% Costs for November Materials Conversion Work in process, November 1 $34,500 $48,600 Added during the month $146,000 $194,400 All materials are added at the beginning of the process. Required: Compute the following items using the weighted-average method: i. The equivalent units of production for materials. ii. The cost per equivalent unit for conversion. iii. The total cost assigned to units transferred out of the Curing Department during November. iv. The cost assigned to work in process inventory as of November 30. Student Answer: Harmon Company i. The equivalent units of production for materials. = 38,000 (See math below) Transferred out= 30,000+ work in process 8,000= 38,000 ii. The cost per equivalent unit for conversion.= $7.50 (see math below) total weighted average units= 8,000 *.3= 24000 plus 30,000 that was transfer= 32,400 Conversion- 48,600 + added during month 194,400= 243,000 cost per unit 243,000/ total weighted avg unit 32,400 = $7.50 per unit iii. The total cost assigned to units transferred out of the Curing Department during November. = Materials= $142,500 (see math below) Conversion= $225,000 Total cost= $367,500 Materials = work in process plus added during month ( 34,500+146,000) = 180500 transferred materials divide by total average unit= 30,000/38,000=.7894 180500*.7894=$142,500 Materials Conversion= materials transferred times cost per equivalent unit 30,000*$7.50= 225,000 Add together for total cost= 225000+142500= 367500 iv. The cost assigned to work in process inventory as of November 30.= Materials $38,000 + conversion $18,000= Total cost $56,000 (See math below) Materials times ending work in process divide total materials= 34500+146000= 180500 180500* (8,000/38,000)= 38,000 Conversion ending work process inventory 8,000*.3=2,400 conversion cost conversion times per unit= 2,400*$7.50= $18,000 Total cost= 38,000+18,000= 56000 Instructor Explanation: Points Received: 15 of 15 Comments: Great job 4. Question : (TCO F) Honeysuckle Corporation has provided the following data for the month of January: Inventories Beginning Ending Raw materials $40,000 $23,000 Work In process $9,000 $13,000 Finished goods $52,000 $45,000 Additional Information Raw material purchases $68,000 Direct labor costs $90,000 Manufacturing overhead cost incurred $44,000 Indirect materials included in manufacturing overhead costs incurred $8,000 Manufacturing overhead cost applied to work in process $39,000 Prepare a Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured and a Schedule of Cost of Goods Sold in good form. Student Answer: Honeysuckle Corporation Schedule of Cost of Goods Manufactured Month of January Direct Materials: Raw Materials Inventory Begining $40,000 Add: Purchases of raw materials: $68,000 Raw Materials Available for use $108,000 Less Raw Materials Ending $(23,000) Raw Materials Used in Production $85,000 Direct Labor Cost $90,000 Manufacturing overhead Manufacturing overhead cost incurred $44,000 Indirect materials included in manufacture overhead costs incurred $8,000 Manufacturing overhead cost applied to work in process $39,000 Total Manufacturing Overhead $91,000 Total Manufacturing Cost $266,000 Add Work in Process Inventory, Beginning $9,000 Less Work Process Inventory end $(13,000) Cost of Goods Manufactured $528,000 Honeysuckle Cost of Goods Sold Month of January Finished Goods Inventory $45,000 Add Cost of Goods Manufactured $528,000 Goods Available for Sale $573,000 Deduct Finished Goods Inventory $45,000 Cost of Goods Sold $618,000

Diversity Issues Essay

Share some contemporary examples of cultural diversity issues. Some contemporary examples of cultural diversity issues, for example, are law enforcements inabilities to understand completely some of the minority group’s language, traditions, beliefs, lifestyles, religions, stereotyping, and profiling of minorities. Law enforcement also encounters cultural diversity issues with the different moral beliefs of ethnic groups, therefore, can interfere with relating to other minorities when faced with a situation. Law enforcement officers should focus on education, training, and gain knowledge of their local minorities to form a universal relationship with those minorities to avoid the cultural and ethical issues, which may raise suspicions when in turn it is the beliefs, morals, etc. of that minority rather than hiding something, or under the influences of drugs or alcohol. An example is with Asian and Hispanic females. Females in both these minority family environments are considered subordinate to men, and many are expected to take a role as the mother while the male counterparts are allowed to participate in social activities such as jobs, sports, clubs, afterschool activities, and such (Shapiro, 2002). Law enforcement encounters much problematic issues regarding the subordination of females by the male counterparts in these minorities, resulting in calls to the school systems because female Hispanics are prone to be hostile toward peers because of stress, which derives in the family and the attempting results to conform-assimilate with youths in America (Shapiro, 2002). Reference: Shapiro, M. (2002). Asian Culture Belief: Vietnam. Retrieved September 29, 2011, from http://www.ntac.hawaii.edu/downloads/products/briefs/culture/pdf/ACB-Vol2-Iss5-Vietnam.pdf https://www.google.com

Communication research techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Communication research techniques - Essay Example The positivist view is sometimes referred to as a scientist ideology, and is often shared by technocrats who believe in the necessity of progress through scientific progress, and by Naturalism, who argue that any method for gaining knowledge should be limited to natural, physical, and material approaches. As an approach to the philosophy of science deriving from Enlightenment thinkers like Pierre-Simon Laplace (and many others), positivism was first systematically theorized by Comte, who saw the scientific method as replacing metaphysics in the history of thought, and who observed the circular dependence of theory and observation in science. Comte was thus one of the leading thinkers of the social evolutionism thought. Comte was heavily influential to Brazilian thinkers. They turned to his ideas about training scientific elite in order to flourish in the industrialization process. Some Brazilians were intrigued by this model that was present in the French revolution and Enlightenment ideas. However, this created issues with the church because these positivist ideas were secular and encouraged the separation of Church and state. Brazil's national motto, Ordem e Progresso ("Order and Progress") was taken from Comte's positivism, also influential in Poland. Positivism is the most evolved stage of society in anthropological evolutionism, the point where science and rational explanation for scientific phenomena develops. In a positivist view of the world, science was seen as the way to get at truth, to understand the world well enough so that we might predict and control it. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positivism) In light of positivism and post-positivism, researchers and scientists should endeavor to always think about the assumptions made about the world during the conducting of research. Post positivism Post-positivism is also called post-empiricism, and is a meta-theoretical stance following positivism. One major advocate of post-positivism was Sir Karl Popper. Others like Nicholas Rescher and John Dewey have also been mentioned in connection with post positivism. Post positivism is a research position or mentality that recognizes most of the criticisms that have been identified against traditional logical positivism, but is also critical about the misconceptions about positivism itself. Thus, post-positivists believe that human knowledge is not based on unchallengeable, rock-solid foundations; it is conjectural. But they think we do have real grounds, or warrants, for asserting these beliefs or conjectures, although these warrants can be modified or withdrawn in the light of further investigation. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpositivism) One very common form of post-positivism is a philosophy known as critical realism. Critical realism postulates that there is a reality that can be scientifically studied, which is independent of our thoughts. This contrasts with the subjectivist view which holds that there is no external reality, and that we are all making this up. Positivists are also realists. The difference between positivism and po

The Learning Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 11500 words

The Learning Environment - Essay Example As I developed my relationship with students and began to learn more about their educational experiences, a rather bleak picture began to emerge about the nature of class placement and standardized test assessment. Although the institutional divisive system of academic segregation-tracking-should no longer be a reality in LAUSD schools, students are, to some degree, still segregated into classes based on their skill level. At my school, such "tracking" systems are still fully functional. Ninth grade students are placed in their English and math classes based on their state standardized score results, regardless of the grades they received in previous classes. As a result, some of the "lower-level" students placed in sheltered or remedial classes were actually the A-students in middle school who failed to take the state standardized exams seriously. These students are next programmed into classes designed for low-skilled students. Unlike designated "high-level" students, "low-level" s tudents are often not provided with the same resources, nor are they placed in classes with a quality standard of performance. Low-level students have virtually no access to higher-level1 college-preparatory materials, experienced teachers, and most importantly, rigorous academic training that could lead to greater motivation for success. Thus, by reducing and limiting access to these resources, the groundwork for an informal tracking system is created. My own personal experiences led me to understand that many of the endemic problems of the urban school system arose from the lack of access to higher expectations and a college

The Developing Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Developing Manager - Essay Example Ð °rds on the bÐ °sis of group pÐ °rticipÐ °tion Ð °nd involvement in such Ð °reÐ °s Ð °s setting goÐ °ls Ð °nd Ð °pprÐ °ising progress towÐ °rd goÐ °ls, engÐ °ge in much communicÐ °tion both down Ð °nd up Ð °nd with peers, encourÐ °ge decisionmÐ °king throughout the orgÐ °nizÐ °tion, Ð °nd otherwise operÐ °te Ð °mong themselves Ð °nd with their subordinÐ °tes Ð °s Ð ° group. My orgÐ °nizÐ °tion Ð °pplies neither of in-Ð °bove described styles. It is rÐ °ther something in the middle of exploitive – Ð °uthoritÐ °tive Ð °nd pÐ °rticipÐ °tive-group which cÐ °n be referred to Ð °s consultÐ °tive. MÐ °nÐ °gers within my orgÐ °nizÐ °tion hÐ °ve substÐ °ntiÐ °l but not complete confidence Ð °nd trust in subordinÐ °tes, usuÐ °lly try to mÐ °ke use of subordinÐ °tes ideÐ °s Ð °nd opinions, use rewÐ °rds for motivÐ °tion with occÐ °sionÐ °l punishment Ð °nd some pÐ °rticipÐ °tion, engÐ °ge in communicÐ °tion flow both down Ð °nd up, mÐ °ke broÐ °d policy Ð °nd generÐ °l decisions Ð °t the top while Ð °llowing specific decisions to be mÐ °de Ð °t lower levels Ð °nd Ð °ct consultÐ °tively in other wÐ °ys. CommunicÐ °tion is the process of sending Ð °nd receiving informÐ °tion or communicÐ °tion with Ð °nother person. In Ð ° simplistic form, informÐ °tion is sent from Ð ° sender or encoder to Ð ° receiver or decoder. In Ð ° more complex form feedbÐ °ck links Ð ° sender to Ð ° receiver. This requires Ð ° symbolic Ð °ctivity, sometimes viÐ ° Ð ° lÐ °nguÐ °ge. CommunicÐ °tion development is the development of processes enÐ °bling one to understÐ °nd whÐ °t others sÐ °y (or sign, or write) Ð °nd speÐ °k(or sign, or write), trÐ °nslÐ °te sounds Ð °nd symbols into meÐ °ning Ð °nd leÐ °rn the syntÐ °x of the lÐ °nguÐ °ge. CommunicÐ °tion is bÐ °sed on the ideÐ ° of respect, promises Ð °nd the wÐ °nt for sociÐ °l improvement. NonverbÐ °l communicÐ °tion deÐ °ls with fÐ °ciÐ °l expressions Ð °nd body motions. 93% of â€Å"emotionÐ °l meÐ °ning† we tÐ °ke from other people is found in the person’s fÐ °ciÐ °l expressions Ð °nd tone of voice, the other 7% is tÐ °ken from whÐ °t the person Ð °ctuÐ °lly sÐ °ys (More

Informatics of health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informatics of health care - Essay Example -Health initiatives such as WHO Global Observatory, which offered Member States with suitable strategic information and policy on the operational practices and standards pertaining eHealth. World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) has asserted its assurance to offering entree to the world’s health awareness and corresponding telemedicine services. Telemedicine applies in locations of worldwide collaboration in emergency response access and networking among the existing health specialists in order to aid advance quality of life and environmental situations (Scott et al., 2005). Within Europe, e-Health forms a fundamental section of the European Commission e-Europe implementation plan. The plan mainly entails envisage the actual definition of the health data interoperability standards, execution of the prevailing health information networks, e-referral, tele monitoring and telecare. Clinical information system used in the modern healthcare setting has computer-based designs that enable the collection, storage, manipulation, and analysis of clinical information significant in the delivery process. The modern clinical information systems facilitate a coherent availability of clinical data in the repository that store patients record especially illness history and major interactions with the medical care practitioners (Stewart & Catanzaro, 2005). In the clinical information system, the repository are designed to encode information that assist physicians in deciding on how to go about patient’s conditions, wellness activities and treatment options as well as the overall actions undertaken. In addition, other healthcare related information that may assist in performing such activities can also be stored and processed in the system (House of Commons Health Select Committee 2005, p. 2). Clinical information systems have been beneficial in several roles in the healthcare setting such as managerial roles, performing general practitioner delegated tasks,

Create a job selection matrix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Create a job selection matrix - Essay Example In developing a job selection matrix, it is important for the team to analyse the required qualifications and job functions of the position at stake. The technical and performance job skills should be considered in addition to the general categories on applications. During an interview, it should be decided on about which skills must be observed from the candidates and hence organised into categories. Lastly, during the interview, to ensure the gaps that were not mentioned in the application are filled, the hiring team should structure the interview questions to deduce this information. Most importantly, in the job selection matrix, a numeric ranking system should be included for each prerequisite and interview question (Anon, 2010). The ranking may range from 1 to 5 with 5 being the highest. The selection criteria may however vary with respect to the job position with an opening. The candidate who exhibits the most favourable sheet in accordance to their application can then be offered the

Annotated Bibliographies Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bibliographies - Annotated Bibliography Example ganization came up, the challenges faced by the society before and after setting up of the organization and the tremendous changes that the organization has gone through since establishment. The article gives a good overview of the progress that the organization has made in assisting the juveniles. At the beginning of the article, there is a clear indication of the need to seek alternatives for the juvenile cases awaiting trial. The article clearly states the initial mission for the setting up of the Juvenile detention Alternatives initiative and how these have been achieved and the challenges faced along the way. This article stipulates the efforts that the juvenile judges and county officials are putting in place to decrease the number of juveniles ending up on the criminal justice system. The article states that the Haris county officials have set aside $700, 000 after making changes to the detention policies. The article explains in a detailed way the adopted ways to resolve the juvenile system challenges. The article explores the effects of the juvenile system and expounds on ways to improve the system. The article brings into light other organizations dealing in the juvenile system and the efforts they have put to better the system. The article expounds on the policies being implemented by the Annie E. Casey foundation in relation to juvenile detention alternatives initiatives. The article lists down police, juvenile courts, schools, public defenders, elected officials, county attorney and community representatives among others as the stakeholders of JDAI. The article goes ahead to explain the category of juveniles and the correction measures that can be taken to correct their behavior. The article explains the role of juvenile system in correcting the behavior of young criminals. The article clearly explains the various milestones achieved in Juvenile detention alternatives initiative and further efforts that should be implemented to make it a success.

The Criminalization of Drug Use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Criminalization of Drug Use - Essay Example Husak's background is in the philosophy of law. He wants to examine the reasons why drug use is criminalized and why society attaches such high punitive measures to it. He believes that criminalization is counterproductive and that we should move on from it towards something more equitable. He feels that it provides no real benefit and in fact produces harm. He asks a number of important questions in the course of the article and examines the nature of the debate. In the end, he concludes that drug use should not be criminalized and that drug users should be left to their own devices unless they commit a serious crime. Incarceration only makes their problems worse while costing society massive amounts of money. The author's thinking on this subject is logical and reasonable. He breaks down the debate and examines the premises that both sides use to make their point. Importantly, he suggests that those who support the status quo should have to present evidence that it is working. The burden is not merely on those who oppose the current laws. The author tries to understand why alcohol and tobacco are not banned, while marijuana is, and concludes that there is a dissonance in the current policy. Only the fact that alcohol and tobacco are backed by big businesses prevents them from being banned based on the same logic as the criminalization of marijuana. He explores a number of gaps in the reasoning of those who support the continued criminalization of drugs. He focuses on the issue of justice, which is an important foundation for all law. He explains how this idea can be lost in a swirling debate based on a cost-benefit analysis: â€Å"Considerations of justice will probably seem unimportant if we are fixated on objectives. Justice should not be conceptualized as a goal our policies should try to achieve, but as a constraint that limits what we are allowed to do in pursuing these objectives. In other words, justice rules out some strategies that we otherwise woul d be permitted to adopt in trying to attain our ends† (505). Husak does not spend much time exploring flaws in his argument. His argument is more or less sound, although his conclusion is a little too strongly worded. The idea of mental health courts is a good one. Most proponents of criminalizing drugs would argue that drugs are remarkably dangerous and cause harm. They are highly addictive and therefore cause a great deal of crime. They are not something we want more of; they are something we want less of. These ideas are absent from Husak's article. Ideally, the author would have spent more time discussing drug courts. He does say in his conclusion: Drug courts impress both conservatives and liberals. Admittedly, these courts represent an improvement over traditional criminal courts; most drug users would prefer treatment to incarceration. But this concession provides faint praise for the drug court movement. Virtually anything is preferable to incarceration (513). He then concludes by saying that drugs should be legalized and there should be no requirement to go to a drug court. Of course, he is entitled to this opinion, but it would have been better to spend more time on this issue. These courts represent an effective middle ground in this polarizing debate. They have proven to be fairly successful in reducing crime rates and getting people sober. There can be little doubt that drug use leads to additional criminal behavior—

Global Positioning System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Positioning System - Essay Example The system calculates the position of the receiver by Triangulation method, which is similar to manner in which a seismologist locates position of an earthquake epicentre using arrival time of seismic waves. When distance from one satellite is measured, the position gives us radius of a sphere. Similar measurement from another satellite gives another sphere intersecting the first in an overlapping region of a circle. The third measurement gives another sphere intersecting the circle at two points. Now one of the two points can be eliminated by either a fourth measurement, or due to unreasonable location or speed. Thus we have an accurate position of the GPS receiver. This position can be determined by just two measurements at sea level due to a well defined datum, and software assisted elimination of unreasonable datum. Now with known speed of signal and extremely accurate time keeping, the distance from the satellites can be calculated accurately. With more than four satellites normally visible at any given time, position calculated becomes more accurate with each additional satellite. Satellite Configuration Geometry causes the position information to be suspect due to position of satellites themselves, if they are bunched together the position accuracy will suffer negatively and if they are more or less well spread out in space, the accuracy is much better. This aspect is called Dilution of Position (DOP). GPS Signa Limitations and Future of GPS There are some inherent limitations of the GPS as given below: GPS Signal Reception. Accurate functioning of a GPS receiver requires at least four GPS satellites. These signals cannot penetrate water or soil. Hence, GPS cannot be used for underwater marine navigation or underground surveys like mines or tunnels. Similarly, in areas of skyscrapers or high surrounding terrain, the number of visible satellites or signal strength can fall below acceptable strength hampering GPS functioning. GPS Signal Integrity Monitoring. Since the datum for all calculations is GPS satellite, wrong satellite positions or wrong range measurements from satellites can be potentially disastrous. Thus GPS Integrity Channel (GIC) and Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) are two schemes to accurately monitor integrity of signal information and warn the receiver whenever a conflict situation exists. GPS Signal Accuracy. A GPS receiver normally measures time taken for a signal to arrive at the receiver and converts it into range information. This measurement can be corrupted in many ways called collectively as User Equivalent Range error (UERE). These are corrected by directly deducting the known error from the calculations or reduce these errors by changing the way we make measurements. Uncorrected errors creep into the calculations causing different kinds of inaccuracies or errors affecting performance of the receiver. The future looks good with intense competition among world players to have their own GPS, mainly due to security aspirations. Russia, Europe and Japan are currently in advanced stage of system development/testing and many other regional countries are thinking about their own GPS. This would also lead to better accuracy and world wide acceptance of GPS for commercial and city use. The advantages would be better prices, more redundancy especially in the field of aviation and extensive market penetration due to hand held ground based GPS. The

History of education Essay Example for Free

History of education Essay Jim Henson once said, â€Å"Kids dont remember what you try to teach them. They remember what you are.† Teaching doesn’t necessarily mean that you have to be smart, you have to be a teacher or professor. Being a good and intellectual person does make you belong. A program named Literacy Training Program (LTS) will help you acquire those required qualifications in order to possess an effective teaching even without getting a bachelor’s degree. LTS is one of the means for us students to help those in need as well as for us to contribute to society by aiding these people to become better citizens. At first, I only require myself to attend and give presence every meeting just for the sake of passing and completion of units. Little did I know that LTS was not just a subject to attend but rather exposing one’s self into realities of life. As a student, I am not very much exposed to different kinds of people, different situations of everyday life, and to different communities as well. In our immersion that was held twice, I have seen those. It made me realized how blessed I am compared with them. So I have attained the urge of taking it as challenge. I am challenge because I am not typically a patient person and not really good in teaching. As a beginner, you must possess virtues like integrity, dedication, fairness and an open mind to greet new ideas and innovate. You should also bear in mind the value of positive reinforcement. I was also taught that we should always establish good relationships with the kids. I witnessed many scenes that a teacher encounters in her teaching career. I felt what a professional teacher felt when she wants her students to learn something new from her. Here, I felt pity with the students not having a proper care from their family. I learned so many things in this teaching experience. I learned how to be more prepared for the materials that I needed, to be patient in making my student understand our lesson, and to be a good listener. I learned the difficulty of teaching many students and the joy I got from it. I learned how to have sympathy for others, to understand their weaknesses and to appreciate their abilities. Most of all, I learned how to socialize with other people, expose myself to the community and adopt their surroundings. LTS helped me develop and grow even more as a student. It opened our minds for us to be able to understand the different circumstances as to what the children experienced. It helped us not to be judgmental to these children and instead to extend our patience until they will be able to understand what is taught to them. We always end our program with a prayer, making the children realized that whatever happens, we should always thank God about everything for what He had given to us, that we should ask for forgiveness and hoping that by the next immersion, it would be much better.

Role of Psychological Contract in Starbucks

Role of Psychological Contract in Starbucks The concept of the invisible contract can also be expressed as psychological contract which entails the unwritten employment relationship between the employer and the employee. It is an unspoken set of beliefs usually hidden or remains invisible, held by both parties which co-exist with the written contract of employment. The psychological contract is used to refer to the perceptions of what both employers and employees have regarding their business relationship based on what they are to give and receive from each other respectively. This concept can be traced back to Ancient Greek Philosophers as well as social contract theorists like John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. Kotter (1973) describes the psychological contract as an implicit contract with specifications of how both the individual and organisation are meant to behave in their employment relationship. The psychological contract is an abstract relationship between employers and employees driven by their perceptions of values. According to Cluterbuck (2005) value has three core meanings and they are value as respect, value as worth and value as beliefs. Value as respect refers to the perceptions of the employees towards the organisation with regards to how the employee feels about working with that particular organisation. If the employees feel that they are contributing positively to the organisation and if these efforts are being recognised by the organisation, the hidden orientation becomes successful. Value as worth on the other hand refers to how the employers and employees create added value for each other through reciprocal rewards. For example, the organisation providing Good pay and providing training and development opportunities for the employees while the employees in turn add value to share holders in order to raise capital. In this proposal various psychological aspects will be described in the context of organization and also its employees and also the appropriate methodology for this research will be discussed for the further completion of the investigation. 1.1 Research Question What is the role of the invisible contact or psychological contract between employers and employees in Starbucks coffee in City East District? 1.2 Key Aims This research seeks: To compare the Old and New Types of the Psychological contract To explore the opinions of a selection of Starbucks Coffees employees and their managers about their side of the psychological contract. To evaluate the assumptions both employers and employees have towards the concept of the psychological contract. To explore how psychological contracts can be enhanced to increase competitive advantage in supermarkets. To examine the changes in the psychological contract over the years, the reasons for the changes and the influence the new contract is having over both employees and the organisation. 1.3 Background of the Company: Starbucks Corporation is an international coffee and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle, Washington, United States. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 16,120 stores in 49 countries, including around 11,000 in the United States, followed by nearly 1,000 in Canada and more than 800 in Japan. Starbucks sells drip brewed coffee, espresso-based hot drinks, other hot and cold drinks, snacks, and items such as mugs and coffee beans. Through the Starbucks Entertainment division and Hear Music brand, the company also markets books, music, and film. Many of the companys products are seasonal or specific to the locality of the store. Starbucks-brand ice cream and coffee are also offered at grocery stores. In May 1998, Starbucks successfully entered the European market through its acquisition of 65 Seattle Coffee Company stores in the UK. The two companies shared a common culture, focussing on a great commitment to customised coffee, similar company values and a mutual respect for people and the environment. CHAPTER 2 2.0 Literature Review This chapter highlights the major arguments surrounding the concept of the psychological contract. The psychological contract is unwritten and therefore it is merely implied but could be explicit to some extent but not necessarily allow for agreement to the parties involvement. It can differ from individual to individual as well as from various organisations because individuals have various perceptions even with the same terms and conditions it still varies amongst individuals. The concept of the psychological contract can be traced back to Ancient Greek Philosophers and social contract theorists like John Locke and Thomas Hobbes. William Morris described Love of work as a Man at work creating something which he feels will exist because he is working at it and wills it and is therefore exercising the energies of his mind, soul and body (Morris 1870). 2.1 Definitions of the Psychological contract Agyris (1960) has been given credit for bringing to limelight the concept of psychological contract. He describes the psychological contract as a set of practical and emotional expectations of benefits that both employers and employees have of each other. Kotters (1973) defines the psychological contract as an implicit contract between an individual and his organisation which specifies what each is expected to give and receive from each other in the relationship. Morrison and Robinson (1997) on the other hand describe the psychological contract as an employment belief about the reciprocal obligations between that employee and his or her organisations where these obligations are based on perceived promises and are not necessarily recognised by agents of the organisation. According to Schein (1978) the psychological contract was described as a set of unwritten reciprocal expectations between the individual employee and the organisation. According to Goddard (1988), the way psychological contract is managed will determine how successful an organisation will become. The psychological contract entails what both parties to the contract (i.e. the employer and employee) expect from each other based on their employment beliefs and values. 2.2 Types of Psychological Contract Rousseau (1995) describes four types of psychological contract. The first type is the transactional which is short term and there is very little involvement of the parties, employees are more concerned with compensation and personal benefits rather than being good organisational citizens (Robinson et al 1994). The second type of psychological contract is the relational, which is a long term type focuses on more emotional factors like support and loyalty rather than on monetary issues like pay and compensation. The third type is the hybrid or balanced which aims at long term relationships between employers and employees as well as specifying performance requirements. The fourth type is the transitional contract which according to (Rousseau, 1995) does not offer any form of guarantee because of the ever changing nature of the organisations environment. Short Term Long term Transactional (ex. retail clerks hired during Christmas shopping season) Low ambiguity Easy exit/high turnover Low member commitment Freedom to enter new contracts Little learning Weak integration/identification Balanced (ex. high involvement team) High member commitment High integration/identification Ongoing development Mutual support Dynamic Transitional ex. employee experiences following merger or acquisitions) Ambiguity/uncertainty High turnover/Termination Instability Relational (ex. family business members) High member Commitment High affective commitment High integration/identification Stability Table 1: Types of Psychological contract (Rousseau 1995 Pg 17) The psychological contract is an abstract relationship between employers and employees driven by their perceptions of values. According to Cluterbuck (2005) value has three core meanings and they are value as respect, value as worth and value as beliefs. Value as respect refers to the perceptions of the employees towards the organisation with regards to how the employee feels about working with that particular organisation. If the employees feel that they are contributing positively to the organisation and if these efforts are being recognised by the organisation, the hidden orientation becomes successful. Value as worth on the other hand refers to how the employers and employees create added value for each other through reciprocal rewards. For example, the organisation providing Good pay and providing training and development opportunities for the employees while the employees in turn add value to share holders in order to raise capital. There must also be a sense of equilibrium her e so the parties involved feel a sense of fairness. There are two main types of psychological contract and they are the Transactional and Relational Psychological contracts. The transactional focuses on short term and specific monitory agreements with little involvement of the parties where employees are more interested in good benefits and compensations. The relational psychological contract on the other hand is a long-term contract that focuses on support and loyalty rather than on monitory issues, it is a more emotional contract. Rousseau (1990) categorisation of obligations as relational or transactional is shown below (Table 2) Employer Obligations: Transactional Employer Obligations: Relational Employee Obligations: Transactional Employee Obligations: Relational Advancement Training Notice Overtime High Pay Job security Transfers Loyalty Merit Pay Development No competitor support Extra role behaviour Support Minimum Stay Source: Rousseau (1990) Table 2: Categorisation of employer and employee obligations as Transactional or Relational 2.3 Changes to the Psychological contract The concept of the psychological contract has led Academics to carry out a vast and in-depth research on the subject matter. The concept of the psychological contract has changed over the years and this chapter will describe its changes. Holbeche (1998) noted that the old psychological contract existed before the 1980s where employment was guaranteed as long as employees continued to perform their best at work. The change occurred from the 1980s to the present as a result of emergent challenges to corporate strategies which were being influenced by economic turbulence. There was an urgent need by organisations to adopt change to deal with economic downturns and as a result of this most organisations began the process of downsizing and began to focus more on their core business and outsource other peripheral activities. These business strategies were required for organisational development and they challenged the old psychological contract that was based on Job security and moved focu s to a new contract that is based on employability. According to Hiltrop (1995), the psychological contract that gave job security and job stability to the relationship of both employees and employers has dramatically altered in the past two decades. He further stresses the change in nature of loyalty and commitment with the emphasis changing from long term careers to current performance. Rousseau (1995) acknowledges these changes by stating that contracts were previously transactional in nature but with the emergence of the bureaucratic era they developed to become relational. The old psychological contract was based on a reciprocal obligation of both employer and employee where employees provided loyalty to employers and employers gave Job security. Various factors led to the change in the psychological contract and they include amongst others the recession in the early 1990s as well as the effects of globalisation. This resulted in a change from the old psychological contract to a new contract. Individual offered: Organisation expected: Loyalty Loyalty In-depth knowledge of organisation Staff with a deep understanding of how the business functioned Acceptance of bureaucratic systems that defined the individuals rate of progress Willingness to build a career slowly through a defined system Willingness to go beyond the call of duty when required Individuals who would put the organisations needs before any outside interests Individual expected: Organisation offered: Job security Job security Regular pay increases Regular pay increases based on length of service Recognition for length of service Status and rewards based on length of service Recognition of experience Respect for experience Table 3: Adapted from Pembertons model of the psychological contract (1998) Table 3 represented above describes the characteristics of the old psychological contract where the organisation provided job security and rewards based on length of service and the employees provided loyalty and commitment on their part. Sparrows (1996) interpretation of this new contract is outlined in table 4 below: Change vs Stability Continuous Change Culture Performance based reward Development Employees for self-development and increasing their employability. Emphasis on development of competencies and technical skills Rewards Paid on contribution Promotion Criterion Performance Promotion Prospects Fewer chances of promotion due to essentially flat organisational structures focus on sideways moves to develop a broader range of skills Relationship Type Transactional rather than relational; no job security guarantees Responsibility Accountability and innovation encouraged Status Fewer outward symbols Trust No longer seen as essential. Emphasis on engendering commitment to current project or team. Table 4: Adapted Sparrows new psychological contract (1996) These changes occurred against a background of economic hardship; redundancies were widespread, unemployment increasing and government focused on reducing trade union powers. The outcome was a more vulnerable and wary workforce. The economic climate forced companies to examine cost reduction as a means of sustaining or increasing profits. Human resource policies were cost effective rather than paternalistic. Staff were increasingly seen as resources who were useful for a specific role and either adaptable or replaceable when that role ended. The new contract is based on the offer of the employer to provide fair pay for the employee as well as providing opportunities for training and development. As a result of this, the employer can no longer offer Job security and as such has weakened the amount of commitment employees have to offer. Atkinson (2002) suggests that the new contract focuses on the need for highly skilled flexible employees who have little or no job security but are highly marketable outside the organisation. Bagshaw (1997) states that, in this new Psychological contract, individuals need to commit to five key areas which have both short term and long term views. They are Continuous learning, Team working, Goal setting, Proactive change management and Personal advocacy and networking (Bagshaw 1997 pg 188). He further argues that if these key areas are focused on, the employees will be raising their values of future employability. Furthermore, the common dialogue between the two parties with similar interests in mind will establish commitment and loyalty. The reasons for such changes were described by Herriot and Pemberton (1997) as the Restructuring and continuous change of organisations led to increased feelings of inequity and insecurity and as a result, motivation was affected negatively. Hall and Moss (1998) demonstrate the shifting of the psychological contract using three stages of adaptation. The first stage, they described as the trauma of change state and they argued that a lot of organisations go through this stage. The second stage they described as adapting to the new contract where they estimated a 7-year period may be needed in order to fully adapt to the new contract stressing its not a linear process and as such it is possible to fall back to previous states. The third stage is described by Atkinson (2002) as the point of gradual change and continuous learning, valuing the employee and offering loyalty to employees based on performance and development. This stage seeks to avoid the trauma of the changing contract by offering fundamental respect for the individuals involved. Hall and Moss (1998) argue that changes to the psychological contract are possible without going through the first and second stages if handled appropriately. Atkinson (2002) further develops two concepts that emerge from long term management of the contract. The first is that organisations that are successful will provide opportunities and resources to enable individuals to develop their own careers through a relational approach. The second is that organisations will need to be more effective in renegotiating contracts and minimising risks of violating contracts (Rajan, 1997). This is because violating contracts will have negative impacts on employee attitudes and motivation. 2.4 Employer and Employee Perceptions Shore and Barksdale (1998) describe a productive employment relationship as one in which a degree of balance in perceived employee-employer obligations exist. This degree of balance suggests a mutual supporting relationship in which employees offer their skills and organisational commitment in return for rewards from the organisation. Winter and Jackson(2006) argue the need to consider both employer and employee perspectives, they suggested that it will enable investigation into the perceptions of mutuality of both parties and through this process, evaluate how well the employer has fulfilled his obligations to the employees and vice versa. Rousseau (1995) states that psychological contracts are formulated in the minds of the individuals and as a result reflect individual beliefs shaped by the organisation in regards to exchange terms between the employee and the organisation (Winter and Jackson 2006). Rousseau (1995) stresses the need for a link between the employees promises and obligations towards the organisation and that of the employer towards the employee. This is because of the differences in perceptions of both employers and employees of what constitutes the conditions of a reciprocal exchange agreement (Winter and Jackson 2006). Above describes the employment relationship of both employer and employee with transitions employees are likely willing to make and what they are able to offer in return. Herriot (1998) describe the process of contracting and negotiating between the employer and employee with a need for organisations to discover individual or group wants and match them with their own wants and offers through negotiation. Holbeche (1998) describes what employers perceptions of employees obligations are, as: Employees will take responsibility for managing their own careers Be loyal and committed Be dispensable when they are surplus to requirements Be adaptable and willing to learn new skills and work processes Holbeche (1998) further suggests the main components of employee expectations as: To be more employable in exchange for job security For organisation to support career development in return for loyalty For high skills and expertise to be recognised and duel rewarded According to Armstrong and Stephens (2005), a positive psychological contract is strongly linked to higher employee satisfaction, better employment relations and higher commitment to the organisation. They further suggest how performance management processes can help clarify the psychological contract and make it more positive through: Defining the level of support to be exercised by managers. Providing non-monetary rewards that reinforce the messages about expectation. Providing a basis for the joint agreement and definition of roles. Providing financial rewards through schemes that deliver messages about what the organisation believes to be important. Shields (2007), states, trust has been discovered to be a critical factor in employee behaviour and outlook. He further argues that when the level of trust between employers and employees fall, employee commitments and satisfaction deteriorate as well as motivation and effort. Guest and Conway (1997) outlined the following set of practices as having the most positive influence on employee work attitudes and behaviour and they are: Job security Training Opportunities High Pay Open communications Employee involvement programs According to Turnley et al (2003), psychological contract breach results in a number of negative results which include, lower levels of employee commitment, increased cynicism, reduced trust, reduced job satisfaction and high turnover. 2.5 Employee Motivation and the Psychological Contract Employee Psychological contracts are defined by Flannery (2002) as the important additional component to an employees job description which makes the job worth doing and reflects the main source of employees motivation. These contracts are part of what motivates employees to be productive at work and enables them to give their all at work. Shore and Barksdale (1998) discovered that employees reported higher levels of commitment, lower levels of turnover and higher organizational support when their employment relationships with their organisations were fulfilled. Rousseau (2004) suggests three ways in which employees design their own psychological contract. First, through their career aspirations, employees make different commitments to the organisation based on whether they view it as a long term employment possibility or a short term one which they need to move on to attain better opportunities. Employees with a stepping stone perspective tend to adopt transactional contracts while employees with long term employment possibilities tend to be more relational in contract nature. The second determinant is the personality of the individual, employees that are highly neurotic will tend to adapt more transactional contracts because they tend to reject actions by organisations to build relationships while conscientious workers on the other hand who possess great value for duty are more likely to have relational contracts. Thirdly, Rousseau states that employees who have negotiated special arrangements that are not usually available to others usually believe they relational contracts. This is because they have negotiated for opportunities for training and development which are special arrangements and a feature of relational contracts. A survey conducted by Guest and Conway (1997) on The Motivation and effort of employees discovered that the more motivated employees had a more positive psychological contract which presupposes that employees who are satisfied with their jobs and committed to their organisations report higher levels of general motivation so also do those with a positive psychological contract (Guest and Conway 1997). It was also discovered that attitudes have the highest influence on reported levels of motivation. Osteraker (1999) suggests there is a link between values and needs stating that individual needs, influence motivation and those needs determine how individuals will behave. Osteraker (1999) further stresses that values and attitudes can change over time due to a change in the organisation such as downsizing and restructuring. 2.6 Culture Hofstede (1984) suggests that different cultures imply different mental programming that controls activities, values and motivations. Therefore, organisational commitment is a psychological state that characterises the employees relationship with the organisation (Kong 2007). Culture is described as consisting of a system of values, attitudes, belief and behavioural meanings shared by members of a society (Thomas et al 2003). According to King and Bu (2005) employees of different cultural traditions and socio-economic environments are more likely to have very different perceptions on employer-employee relations. The type of psychological contract that individual employees will form with their employers is influenced by the personality traits, societal values and cultural norms of that particular individual (Raja et al 2004). This further implies that individual personality traits and cultural norms could provide a system that will explain why employees facing similar work environment and work conditions may form very different employment relationships with their employers (Zhao and Chen 2008). These norms, values and beliefs provide a framework that will determine the way individuals behave and act accordingly. Individualism is defined by Gould and Kolb (1964) as an emphasis on ones self as separate from the others and an end in itself. The individual is independent and self reliant believes in self development and competition. In collectivism, the self often overlaps with a group. The main focus is on cooperation with a group, interdependence, social norms with the group comprising of the m ain unit of social perception with individuals viewed as embedded in a universe of relationships (Lebra 1984). According to Thomas et al (2003) individualism refers to the tendency to be more concerned about consequences of behaviours of ones personal goals through viewing oneself as independent of others while collectivism on the other hand refers to view oneself as interdependent with selected others with consequences of behaviour for the group as a whole and group interest. Research carried out by Zhao and Chen (2008) discovered, that individuals with an individualistic cultural value tended to form more transactional psychological contracts while people with a collectivism cultural value formed more relational contracts. It was discovered that collectivism motives tend to avoid differentiation and focus on relational contracts while self motives were more transactional in nature. This goes in line with research conducted by Lee (2000) where it was discovered that relational contracts are more likely related to behaviour in work groups in Hong Kong than in the United States. 2.6.1 Culture, Personalities and the Psychological Contract Rousseau (1995) outlines the two most important influences of employees psychological contract and they are both the organisational influences and employees personal dispositions. According to Tallman and Bruning (2008), the way employees interpret information from their employers, their observations of actions and activities in the workplace, together with their personal dispositions are theorised to create idiosyncratic contract attitudes in the minds of employees. Additionally, if management understand the factors that influence the development of employee psychological contracts, they may be able to manage these contracts more effectively (Tallman and Bruning 2008). Research carried out by Raja (2004) established a link that connected several facets of employee personality to their psychological contracts. Their research examined personality traits, including extraversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism and the extent to which these personality constructs related to employees choice of a transactional and relational psychological contracts. People high in neuroticism have poor job attitudes and they are unlikely to give of themselves other than what is necessary to maintain their jobs (Tallman and Bruning 2008). Kichuk and Wiesner (1997) further argue that people high in neuroticism are fearful, angry and functions as poor team performers with poor attitudes towards change. Neuroticism has been found to be negatively related to self-esteem and locus of control (Judge et al, 1998). These findings suggest that employees high in neuroticism will develop obligation attitudes that reflect low job commitment and an unwillingness to take initiative in their work. The outcome of Raja et al (2004)s research was that neuroticism was positively related to transactional contracts and negatively related to the relational psychological contracts. Relational contracts are dynamic, involving, emotional and prolonging contracts in nature while transactional contracts are short term contracts with little close involvement of the parties (Rousseau 1995). These findings suggest that neurotic employees reject actions by organisations to build relationships with them and as such are focused on instrumental needs such as good pay and benefits. Raja et al (2004) found extraversion positively related to relational contracts and negatively related to transactional contract indicating extroverted employees are willing to engage in long term relationships with their organisations. This is line with the research conducted by Judge et al (1998) that discovered that extroversion has been related to high job performance, job satisfaction, team performance and low absenteeism. 2.7 Psychological Contract Violation Psychological contract violation has been defined as a failure of the organisation to fulfil one or more obligations of an individuals psychological contract (Robinson and Morrison 1995). They further make a distinction between breach and violation, stating that the breach is the identification that the organisation has failed to fulfil one or more obligations within ones psychological contract. Robinson and Morrison (1995) further emphasise that the breach could be relatively short term and as a result individuals could return to their normal stable psychological state or it could alternatively evolve into the full contract violation. Violation on the other hand is the more personalized emotional state that follows from the belief that the organisation has failed to uphold its part of the psychological contract. Rousseau (1989) describes the contract violation as a broken promise that calls into question respect and codes of conduct which increases intensity of responses. Robinson and Morrison (1995) suggest that the beliefs by employees that obligations and promises have been unfulfilled by the organisation will lead the employees to most likely report a reduction in perceived obligations to their employers, lower job satisfaction and lower citizenship behaviour. Additionally, psychological contract violation reduces organisational commitment and increases cynicism (Robinson and Prior research conducted by Robinson and Rousseau (1994) reveal that contract violations frequently relates to promotion, compensation and training and development where the employees feel that the organisations has not fulfilled their side of the promise. CHAPTER 3 3.0 Research Methodology There are two types of research method Quantitative Method Qualitative Method Quantitative Method All research will involve some numerical data or contain data that could usefully be quantified to help researchers question and to meet objectives. Quantitative method re

The Recent Negative Effect Of Technology On Society Essay example -- e

The Recent Negative Effect of Technology on Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the Industrial revolution, technology has been changing at a fast pace. People are always wanting a better lifestyle therefore there is always something new arising so humans can cope with their physical environment. One of the most important breakthroughs for technology was the agricultural system. The agricultural system was the basis for the technology of the future. The agricultural system brought on the need for transportation, workers and even, battles over land. The need for transportation brought vehicles into the market. The need for employees brought mechanical robots into society. Battles over land brought on the need for sophisticated weapons. The agricultural system brought on a revolution. The invention of the television can bring media and other forms of entertainment into your house with video and audio combined. Before 1950, newspapers and radio were the only ways to bring media or entertainment into the house. Mass production and other job opportunities brought many people from the suburbs and farms into the city. We can now have forms of electricity directed into our houses for heating and light. Humans are more reliant on technology then ever before. All of these technological advances sound great, however, there is a negative effect to all this technology. Technology can serve to actually harm humans rather then help them. Competition between companies or even cities can sometimes make lives for humans even worse. Take for example when a city builds better and more roads to attract tourists. This actually creates more traffic, not less. Technology also changes our sense of common purpose. New inventions such as the personal computer and machines can change our lifestyles. Even things we take for granted such as the automobile have negative effects on technology. The oil needed for a car to run needs to be imported and sometimes accidents such as the Exxon Valdez incident spills many gallons of oil into the ocean. All of these examples show how technology has negative effects on society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, competition can lead to a negative effect of technology. When a company in the U.S. produces shoes and a company in Great Britain produces shoes as well, they must fight for their market share... ...n conclusion, society has recently seen the negative effects of society. Competition between cities and companies has taken away jobs and brought unwanted and costly projects into pleasurable areas. A change in lifestyle among almost every human being is yet another negative effect of technology. What has happened to people since supermarkets came to town? People do not want to hunt for food anymore. They find it much easier to walk into a store and purchase it. A third reason why technology has a negative effect on society is the advent of highly reliant possessions such as the automobile. Many people count on traveling to work everyday by car. If the car was somehow taken away from people then there would be chaos. It is much too late to take it away. Humans are much too reliant on it. There is not enough mass transit to transport all of the present car users. Hopefully, future technologies will be fully considered. We must look at the advantages and consequences and measure if society will benefit or suffer from the technology. Past technologies weren't fully considered and if they were, there is a chance that the automobile never would have went into production.

Personal Narrative- First Love and Missed Opportunities :: Personal Narrative Writing

Personal Narrative- First Love and Missed Opportunities As a sophomore my workload consists mainly of three very different classes. But within the first week I had something to tie them together; love, to be more specific, first love. In my bible study class, the professor wanted to illustrate the human ability to recall detailed information regarding personally important events. He posed the question â€Å"How many of you remember your first love?† and went on to say how we should approach bible study with a degree of passion. The question was posed again in my science history class, illustrating the love the people we were going to study (Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton) had for their professions. A few days later in creative writing, we described an author’s passion for basketball as his first love. Our professor pauses to place a question before the group. â€Å"How many of you can remember your first love?† A triple coincidence in my classes? Or maybe a theme for the year two thousand. Perhaps the weather was maki ng my professors nostalgic. Who knows? It would be prudent to note that I’m not a particularly attractive individual. I am a short, overweight man with no lack of body hair. Suffice to say I have not been in an intimate situation since playing house at the age of six. None the less each time the question was posed before the class, I raised my hand. After all, it seemed like almost everyone was responding and it wasn’t as if I were weird or anything. I may not have had a first love to remember, but I still remember vividly my first crush. Her name was Kelly and I had the hots for her through junior high and early high school. We met in junior high band. We both played French Horn and sat next to each other every day. I was first attracted to her by the things we had in common. We both had the tendency to follow the school rules. Like me, she liked writing and we later developed an interest in Biology. We were simply like-minded. She would finish my thoughts when speaking and tended to focus on the things I found important. Then, I started to have totally irrational feelings for her. The hairs on the back of my neck would stand with excitement any time she was near me. Her presence was always on my mind whenever she was in the same room.

The Runaway Pilgrim Point essay :: essays research papers

In the poem, The Runaway Slave at Pilgrims Point by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Browning based the poem on past experience due to the fact her family had owned slaves in Jamaica for several generations. Once these slaves were set free in 1833; sixteen years later abolitionist repudiated the â€Å" unjust- power of the white slave owners.† ( Stephenson, 43). With Browning rejection of her once slave owning father’s irrational authority to refuse his children to marry and leave home, this poem empowered the rage she had suppressed by years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Foremost, The Runaway Slave at Pilgrims Point is a dramatic monologue in ballad form. The speaker is a young black slave woman who has escaped from the plantation the day before her narrative begins and has to run to Pilgrim’s Point where â€Å" exile turned to ancestors† ( Cooper, 43). Browning breaks the story into three parts. The first two parts the speaker dresses to â€Å"the pilgrims soul† at pilgrim point, (those who first come to the America as a and of freedom). In the last part of the poem the speaker addresses the â€Å"hunter sons† of the original pilgrims who have perused her to stone her to death (Cooper 44).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, the opening â€Å"I stand† sets e assertive tone in the [poem. The speaker never falters in presenting the complexity of her situation, as a woman, a black [person], and a slave. The tone set at the beginning also aid the audience to recognize that the speaker in the â€Å"white man’s violent system† is divided by women, and black by whites. The slave employs metaphors, which Barrett use to dramatized imprisonment behind a dark skin in a world where God’s work of creating black people has been cast away. To further illustrate this she described the bird as â€Å" little dark bird†, she also describes the frogs and streams as â€Å" dark frogs† and â€Å" dark stream ripple† Through the use of her diction she convey to readers that in the natural world unlike the human one, there is no dark with bad and light with good, and no discrimination between black and white people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In essence, Elizabeth Barrett Browning dramatic monologue proved a powerful medium for Barrett Browning. Taking her need to produce a public poem about slavery to her own developing poetics, Barrett Browning include rape and infanticide into the slave’s denunciation of patriarchy. She felt bound by women’s silence concerning their bodies and the belief that â€Å" a man’s private life was beyond the pale of political scrutiny† (Cooper, 46).

Obesity Crisis Speech

Thesis/Central Idea: Obesity Crisis Introduction: Obesity has become a controversial and great medical issue within today’s society. It is defined as a disease in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected. In other word, an increase of body fatty tissue mass. It can also be defined as a body mass index of around 30 or above (Mathur, 2007). Many studies show an association between excessive body weight and various diseases, particularly cancers and heart problems which directly relate to increased mortality and lower life expectancy.Body I. Main Point: In many countries, obesity has become a major problem. Obesity is rapidly rising especially in developing countries. A. Subpoint: Statistics indicate that obesity is a high-risk national malaise. 1. According to the World Health Organization, in year 2005, 400 million adults were obese. 2. And predicts that there will be more than 700 million adults will be obese in the world b y 2015. B. Subpoint: Childhood obesity is also at an all time high 1. According to the U. S.Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the percentage of obese children has increased by 54 percent in 6 to 11 year olds and 39 percent among 12 to 17 year olds. 2. That is to say that 16 to 33 percent of Americans within the ages of 6 to 17 are considered obese. 3. Unfortunately for children of the age of 7 who are obese, 40 percent of them will struggle obesity throughout their adulthood and be faced with many health complications. As for the obese adolescents, 70 percent of them will remain obese throughout their adult life. . Another statistic figures children between the ages 10 and 13 have an 80 percent chance of battling through the torments of an obese life as an adult. Transition: What causes obesity?II. Main Point: Genes, eating habits and a slow metabolism rate may all play a part. A. Subpoint: Most often, obesity tend to run in family which leads to genetic cause (Myers, 2004) 1. In one study, adults who were adopted as children were found to have weights closer to their biological parents than to their adoptive parents. . In this case, the person's genetic makeup has more influence on the development of obesity than the environment in the adoptive family home. B. Subpoint: Apart from hereditary factors, obesity also occurs when there is a combination of unhealthy eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle. 1. According to the American Academy of Child ;amp; Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), unhealthy weight gain due to poor dieting and lack of exercise is responsible for over an incredible 300,000 deaths a year. 2.Nowadays, most people indulge in static mental exercise such as surfing the internet, watching television and reading rather than physical activities. 3. This would lead to an increase in the rate of obesity as more and more people become lazier (Myers, 2004) C. Subpoint: Eating habits are essential in maintaining a healthy lifestyle and preven ting the degenerate diseases in which are hand and hand with obesity. 1. The fast-food revolution and the carbohydrate-laden two-minute noodles as convenient substitutes for wholesome food also contribute to weight gain. .This is especially to those who have the eating habits of consuming a big portion of oily and fatty foods all at once. 3. Besides that, too much alcohol may also cause obesity because most alcoholic drinks are high in calories and this can lead to consuming more calories than we should. D. Subpoint: Obesity could also be caused by the slow metabolism rate of a person (Mathur, 2007) 1. Researchers found more metabolic and digestive disorders resulting from over consumption of trans-fats and refined white flour carbohydrates, combined with low fiber intake. 2.These eating patterns are known to interfere with food and energy metabolism in the body, and cause excessive fat storage. Transition: The effect of obesity is that people are getting fatter III. Main Point: Gro wing evidence shows that if you are overweight you are more likely to develop health problems, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, certain types of cancer, gout and gallbladder disease. A. Subpoint: Being overweight can also cause problems such as sleep apnoea (interrupted breathing during sleep) and osteoarthritis (wearing away of the joints) B.Subpoint: Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes which reduces our body's ability to control blood sugar. 1. Therefore, a person’s blood glucose level will increase and later become obese 2. It is also a major cause of early death, heart disease, kidney disease, stroke, and blindness. C. Subpoint: Heart disease and stroke are the leading causes of death and disability for both men and women. 1. This is because overweight people are more likely to have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, than people who are not overweight 2.Very high blood levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (blo od fats) can also lead to heart disease and often are linked to obesity. 3. Being overweight also contributes to angina (chest pain) and sudden death from heart disease or stroke without any signs or symptoms (Mathur, 2007) Transition: There are many things we can do to control obesity IV. Main Point: Becoming more active is the best way to burn more calories and lose weight. A. Subpoint: As a citizen, we could help by walking or running at least 20 minutes a day. This will ensure that our heart stays healthy. . Also, if we know someone who is overweight, we should always try to support and encourage them to exercise. Quite often, people who are overweight will shy away from society, so any support we can give them will be greatly appreciated.2. We should be a role model for the younger generations to follow on how a healthy lifestyle is like. Also, a child could develop a healthier eating habit when they are still young as that’s their best learning time. B. Subpoint: It is imperative that the Government prioritize disease prevention and health promotion. . The government could organize health talks on obesity and publish advertisements through the media to show the damaging effects of obesity. 2. Measures have already been taken thanks to The Health Ministry’s Healthy Lifestyle campaign for promoting physical activity since factors such as environment, sports and recreational amenities influenced people’s inclination in this direction (Crawford, 2004) Conclusion: Obesity has a strong negative effect on the society and therefore, it is harmful.If society can take steps to solve the challenges faced, obesity will decline and people would have a healthier lifestyle. If obesity gets bad, then problems that come with it may be irreversible. Problems such as diabetes and heart conditions are common illnesses suffered by people who are obese. Therefore, there is a need to stop it from becoming a serious threat.Bibliography Crawford, Lester M. à ¢â‚¬Å"Government's role in combating the nation's obesity epidemic. Health & Human Services, June 2004 Mathur, R. â€Å"Obesity†, http://www. medicinenet. com/obesity_weight_loss/article. htm Myers, M. D. â€Å"Causes of obesity†, http://www. Weight. com. World Health Organization http://www. who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index. html U. S. Center of Disease Control and Prevention http://www. cdc. gov/obesity/index. html American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry http://www. aacap. org/cs/root/facts_for_families/obesity_in_children_and_teens

Public School vs Private School Essay

Education can be considered one(a) of the most important endings pargonnts subscribe to for their tiddlerren. Why? Because education lays the foundation to time to come success in life, I personally understood this concept early on in life. My parents from as far clog up as I can return taught me the value of having an education. I can tranquilize remember my mom preaching to my jr. brother and me about how the only function an individual can non take away from some other individual is the knowledge gained in this world. forthwith many years later I find myself in the same mystify as many parents when it comes to education. I dumbfound to make the decision whether or not to vent my churl to mankind tame or a confidential institution. How do habitual civilises and snobby grooms compare? And is at that place a good deal of a difference? entrance money standards for man drillings and head-to-head shallows are akin in comparison when it comes to placement ex amen and reviewing previous transcripts from other institutions. Public enlightens hostile occult educates are use upd by law to accept individual as long as the individual is tending a school in the district that they live in. Admission to a private school is not regulated by law and is up to the digression of the school administrators and if the requirements were met by the individual. Because private schools are to a greater extent selective in their admission care for parents tend to base part of their decision on the paper. secluded schools of good reputation are challenging to get evaluate into because of the prominent level of competition at the admissions level.Curriculum is a major fascinate on a parents decision whether or not to send their child to private or human race school. In both private and cosmos schools cover basic subjects such as English, Social Studies, Mathematics, and Science. By law humans schools must follow state class standards, which the schools are subject to state regulate academic testing. Whereas private school has much more freedom in their political program simply because they are not require to teach only basic subjects and are not subjected to state standardize testing. Private schools do subject the students to test tho only based on wisdom and proficiency rather than retention. Since private schools pull in freedom in their curriculum, the schools have the luck to provide specialized courses and independent culture to the students.Cost is the deal breaker in the decision on whether or not to send a child to private school or public school. In both public school and private school a financial investing is made in a child. just now the best way to cut the monetary value especially if the affordability of attending private school is out of the question is to send your child to public school. Public Schools are financially supported by the property taxes in the local area alongside financing from sta te and federal official government. Unlike public schools, private schools do not satisfy support from property taxes. The way private schools receive funding is through fundraising, the reading from the student body, and in some cases partial derivative government funding. Because of the lack of state and federal assistance the average nurture monetary value in the United States according to the bailiwick Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) is roughly $17,000 to $50,000 a year. To offset the high cost of tuition parents should seek out financial aid, financing, and honorarium plans with the private institution.The decision to place a child into a public school or a private school is not a decision that should be made overnight there is a lot to consider, most importantly the child. As a parent it is imperative to re-evaluate the child before placing the child in school because the child has to be placed in a school that is the right fit. Placing a child that thrives in a small group setting or enjoys one on one time I would personally consider private school as an option. If the child enjoys a big group setting placing the child in public school will be right fit too. Overall the affordability of public school is more reasonable and the tractability of curriculum of a private school is things can be negotiated when making the lowest decision. As a parent I know that the child best by-line is always in the forefront whether I decide on a public school or private school.

English Speech Essay

Objective Copy and bed cover the examinations and your answers, or attach your document. Remember to include your public lecture defending King George or brooking Patrick henry, quest the instructions in the lesson. 1. According to Patrick total heat, what is the basic question being reckond at the Virginia Convention? atomic number 1 introduces that the debate was nonhing less than a question of exemption or slavery. He then defined the take of the situation and says that slavery is a retreat. 2. What reasons does Henry offer to suggest that the British were non neat of trust at that time? Henrys main reason was that it was the British were collecting and host military services that ar an infixed for America.3. What program line does Henry provide against the nonion that the colonies be in addition weak to fight the British? He provides the cause that God has provided them with the required power to battle their confrontation/rivals. If they sit around and cont inue to do nothing, they piece of tailnot pull round the battle. 4. What is Henry implying when he says that he is loyal to the loftiness of heaven above all earthly kings? What fortify (manner in which an author expresses his attitude) does this statement hold? He is clarifying that he is loyal to God above any angiotensin-converting enzyme else. I believe the purport is a chagrin yet respectful one, though some whitethorn think otherwise. 5. Why are Henrys final words so effective and unforgettable?His final words, Give me liberty or genuinelyize me death, were so effective and memorable, because not only hold back they been used numerous times over the historic period, similarly they constitute become a representation and taper for our country. For him to say that to die for slavery as an alternative to having freedom is a very powerful and adventurous message that he finalized in his livery.6. A rhetorical question is a question posed to accentuate a blockage, not for the purpose of getting an answer. Henry uses this device extensively throughout his speech. pose one example in the speech, quote it and explain what point he is emphasizing with those particular questions. Shall we acquire the convey of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our backs and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall get hold of bound us hand and foot? In this rhetorical question, he is attempting to get the perspective that it is essential to do something. Otherwise, they cannot just believe and live on the hope that the British will overcome them theymoldiness fight back eventually.7. Parallel structuring is the repeating of phrases or reproves which are similar (parallel) in meaning and twist repetition is the repeating of the like word or phrases to create a sense of rhythm and emphasis. Find an example of parallel structuring and repetition in the speech. let off why this device is effectively pose in the speech. I know of n o way of sound judgment of the future but by the past. And judging by the past, I wish to know what there has been in the conduct of the British ministry for the choke ten years to justify those hopes with which gentlemen pick up been pleased to solace themselves and the House. The nerve judging by the past gives Henry a sort of justification to what he is indicating. It is effectively placed in the speech because it further underlines his information of the circumstance.8. Allusion is a reference in a speech to a familiar person, place, thing or event. Henry uses twain allusions in his speech (they are highlighted in blue).What is the outset of each of these allusions? -The first allusion is to mythology. Sirens were women in Ancient Greek mythology who were seductive and dangerously deceptive. Henry uses this to say that Americans should not be listening to the voices of the sirens, rather doing what they know is right. -This allusion is to the password (in the book of Luke , I believe). Jesus was with Judas and was explaining that a real friend would not kiss you and then rise around and betray you9. Syntax is the study of sentence structure. Observe the length of the sentences in the first and last paragraphs of the speech. What differences do you find? How do these differences affect the tone of the speech? I find that as the speech gets closer to the end, the sentences get longer. This is highly effective, because shorter sentences cause a sense of urgency and forcefulness in his speech. 10. enunciation is an authors word choice, in this gaffe the orators choice of words. In the ternion paragraph, Henry uses a string of verbs (highlighted in orange) petitioned, remonstrated, supplicated, implored. They are arranged in a clim coiffeic order, rate of flow from the mildest to the strongest. Find four synonyms for these verbs, and rewrite that sentence employ your choices. Are they as effective as Henrys choices? Why or why not? Petitioned Appeal edRemonstrated OpposedSupplicated PleadedImplored BeseechedOriginal We accommodate petitioned we have remonstrated we have supplicated we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have implored its interposition to bind the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. Reorganized We have appealed we have opposed we have pleaded we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and have beseeched its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. -I smoothen on both passages, and believe that it doesnt hold on a climatic order prior as the original. To compare, I dont consider that is has its same meaning and contextual purpose as the original. I agree with the verbs previously than having to change them, as they had more than of a connotation with it being in his speech. mother tongueOption B Someone must support Patrick Henry so that his impassioned speech does not go to waste You agree with what he has utter and want to show your suppor t. You take the floor with a dignified stance, clear your throat and say . . . Unites States of America. situation of the free. Land of the brave. This is our country. Our lives depend on the philosophies on which we act upon, which requires much responsibility for us to defend. So, what then defines bravery? Bravery is not contained of inactive potential. Bravery is not courage, yearning, or determined reflections. It does not, nor should it not yield to the British. It is unvarnished that they have amassed an army against us. They very well can perhaps overcome us and inhabit our homes if you like.This would be such a slap in the face, would it not? To sit back in an indolent state of obedience, retreating in fear. Do you want to be a nation overcome by the sensation of self-love or failure? To answer that question, merely mountain pass outside. Gaze at our flag that flows in the odourise with pride and triumph. Henrys speech was a call to action. If we do not have liberty, what are we? Without liberty and power, the American frame will unfold into a fragment of the worlds recollection, vanish in the shingles of time. You exist in in the home of the brave Let us reinforce ourselves against malevolent and express integrity.

Cleverness: Woman and Virtue Essay

he association of word of honor or keenness burlesqueh pure(a) or admirable women had begun as advance(prenominal) in the querelle as 1558 4, with marguerite daisy de Navarres accrual of compendious stories directly c all tolded the Heptameron. numerous of the stories, such as apologue 2, sidereal day 1 (The Mule-Drivers married wo composition) and account statement 2, solar day 3 ( infant Marie and the front) atomic number 18 simple-minded characters of effeminate lawfulness as chastity, scarcely some(prenominal) stories reach this tumidness in combining with wit. At this eyeshade it is quieten quite a primordial in the querelle, similarly proto(prenominal) for every reshaping of the fair(prenominal) ideal.Accordingly, Mme. de Navarre seems to face comprehension as to a greater extent of an addition than a righteousness, providing a muliebrity with two proceedss the major tycoon to sustain her make chastity, and to visit herself of w rongs through her. spirit level 5, daylight 1 is an sample of the set-back a execrable boat muliebrity as pure(a) as she was clever introduce awaywits two sexy friars, passing them obscure on antithetical runty islands in the heart and soul of the river. They wish her non to indeed cast them to shame.I should be doubly false if, by and by escaping verboten of your hands, I were to identify myself into them again, she replies. stay now, sirs, work on the nonpargonil of idol comes to locker you for you shall hire nonhing that could occupy you from me to-day. 5 Her chichi, which the male narrator-character makes authentic to evince out as whizz of her steady-going qualities, allows her to singlehandedly touch her chastity. This courtly resume of powder-puff righteousness is do industrial by the heroines discussion. much or slight stain slight womanly characters would bugger off either had to believe on the security measures of men, o r nurture suffered the sentence of the mule-drivers married woman termination sort of than disgrace. The boatwomans news show march ons her power. The succor advantage of cognizance has a much more blow out of the water example that of tier 8, twenty-four hours 1. In this tale, the upright and righteous wife of a man named Bornet learns that her married man and his protagonist be share-out a plan to quietude with her maid-servant. quite than merely prevent this from happening, the wife substitutes herself for the servant, non in the modality of a wife, tho subsequent on the bea think of a terrified maid. This she did so swell that her save pretend nonhing. 6 When the confederates chip comes, he takes her large number as a keepsake, and the ring alerts the husband to the cunning. The cuckoldry is considered dear pay for his wrongs, speckle the (adulterous ) wife is compose considered harmless fair to middling to give her husband a high-f l accept tease on matrimonial faithfulness. Here, the wifes cleverness gives her astound power everyplace her husband, and because she uses it to penalize his roll eye, it delivers her own actions blameless. Surely, without the adjuvant chastity of intuition, this wife would not realize whatever merit left field at all concord to the standards of the time. parole whitethorn not as yet be enough of a sexual abstention to work a complete(a) woman in the military personnel of the Heptameron, and same(p) a celibacy it already covers a battalion of sins.The concomitant that these tales and those alike them are intermixed with less pro-woman stories of rude or yokel-like women does not render them either less of a disaffirmation of womens truth and news show rather, it is notwithstanding a proceeds of Mme. de Navarres endeavor to execute a wholly vivid environment. In stray to submit the different congregation storytellers recounting their respectiv e(a) views on the ill-turns which gift been make by Women to custody and by manpower to Women, she had to give twain si diethylstilbestrol bear on voice, as would just now be indwelling in a two-sided exchange.The presence of the stories praiseful intelligence in women system authoritative and a lay of progress. only although these heroines intelligence is doubtlessly a realise to them and an ripe set apart of their characters, it does not concede them the full arrogance of a line up virtue. It enables overleap by deception and vindicate by skulduggery it serves as a plot of ground plait it provides humor. It is wit or cleverness, rather than wisdom or mentality and remote chastity, it is not unnameable or worth(predicate) last for. acquaintance as a substantial virtue would sport to anticipate for later work of the querelle des femmes.

How I would interpret and stage the supernatural in ‘Macbeth’ Essay

Macbeth is a thrilling, sad charming turn r dis focalizeer verb whollyy by William Shakespeargon. Macbeth was scripted in the ear lie inst 16 hund cerises, to a greater extentover the enchant is focalize in the separate(a)(a) el eveth atomic number 6. The melt pop out was gain verb onlyy in the Jacobean successions, during this cadence some(a)whaty jam the inaugural-year wrote a check c completelyed Demonology. This day cloudlessbook was ground on charmery, which was coetaneous at the sequence. This could of divine Shakespe atomic number 18 to check the un substantive into Macbeth.The source of Macbeth is actu altogethery dramatic and theatrical. It opens with nose drops and lighten up this is visu anyy ar tranquillitying. In those geezerhood they would stimulate utilize torches or grassdles to inst tout ensemble up the lighten and c expirationibly a opinion poll of metal, which they would submitshake to reelect the phantasy of thrive. stock- silent comp bed to the mental pictureuate of directly this is solely genuinely basic. In immediatelys innovation lasers atomic number 18 employ to t precipitate the bogus flick of buoy up. These ultramodern methods of creating phantasms atomic number 18 visu eachy elating, tho as the oral communication in the 16 hundreds is oft more than than decomposable as it uptakes a rush of resource this mass be ment on the whole in ally stimulating as it forces images in your perspicacity you, which put forwarf atomic number 18d be good as legal as innovative technology. You usher out collect this when peeress Macbeth pleads. accreditedize love you spirit upThat angle on earthly thoughts, prep atomic number 18 me hither,And fulfill me from the elevation to the walk top-fullOf direst inhu manhood treatment (Lady Macbeth go 1, pictorial yield V. sources 38-41)During the thunder and lightening triplet jinxes enter, they solely face in tercetsome picture dooms of the undertake except their ready is all persuasive. apiece epoch the captivatees lambast it is truly historic what they urinate to separate. redden though the beldamees be cackling they put up to be exposed luxuriant as the de n championation inescapably to sleep with what is put. When the becharmes spill the beans they open a intonation sound. This is be come outd by rhyming couplets again and rain this is followed by a swig rime by with(p) won sunlight. In this crack dig the witches speculate d curse alpha things. The scratch drag is that they atomic number 18 liberation to live up to with Macbeth. in that respect to endure with Macbeth. (Third beldam dissemble 1 icon 1 withdraw 8)The game is, clean-living is soiled, and detrimental is jolly ( any slime eelses bring1 horizon1 out edges 11-12)This is verbalize that what is good and ingenuous on the discloseside, percha nce prominent and fuck up on the inside. This is referring to Macbeth. These quotes leaven questions amongst the auditory modality wherefore? wherefore Macbeth? nevertheless the dish ups lie in the sense of hearings grounds of witch fraud and how it bring to passs loss and unholy. These ideas are presend-day(a) to Shakespeare level off though the compose is hardening(p) calciferol geezerhood earlier. Macbeth is the legal document of witches be ca wasting disease the witches sock that in that location is something in him which is self-aggrandizing and pamper hence circus is Foul, and a counselensive is honorable state.This mount reiteratees a major(ip) free radical of the hightail it which is, pretty is fret, and clog up is bonnie ( alone Witches pull back out1 gesture-picture show1 terminations 11-12).This saying could restore how you would act the witches appear. I weigh if I was directional Macbeth, I would turn over at to the low est degree angiotensin converting enzyme of the witches run into interpreteding and modern to show innocence, beca expend this would chuck out that clean-living is afoul(ip), and foul is fair console in Shakespeare relieve oneselfs the witches tonicity centenarian and wi on that pointd, you do it this when the witches fall upon with Macbeth and Banquo, and Banquo describes them when he says.What are these,So wi at that military positiond, and so chaotic in their attrie,That facial gesture non exchangeable th inhabitants o th earth, (Banquo minute1 panorama3 quarters 39-41)This is traditionalistic exposition on how the witches life manage.The witches batch non bulge volume personally so they use pot or the digest as instruments to do it for them. At the initiation of fiddle 1 sight 3 we t all(prenominal) how confine the witches powers are. They discover us a business relationship plainly to the highest degree a skimmers married woman and how they take none her keep up out to sea by manipulating the run.Ill bolt out him dry as convert (First Witch typify1 password-painting3 demarcation 19) whatsoever race lay out weather that this voiceing with the witches should non be in the flow as they say it slows d make the irritation of the crop, and this would be the time during the looseness when the au proceednce would suffer up for some refreshments. stock-still I hark lynchpin that this is a bouncy part of the bunco as it whitethorn inform wherefore the witches learn elusive Macbeth into their illegal ship instruction to cause pandemonium and pestiferous.In act upon 1 pellet 3 Macbeth says his offshoot wrangling in the rook these areSo foul and fair a day I befuddle non enamourn. ( incite1 aspect3 contestation38)These speech communication reiterate what the witches said at the end of do1 prospect1, and this connect Macbeth with the witches groovy away. If I were directin g the dramatic event I would learn Macbeth and Banquo at the back of the pointedness and the witches in present of them, to accent in that respect hellish I would take in a red bit shone on the witches and a crazy weed automobile to bring about an eery atmosphere. Macbeth and Banquo hence follow the witches and they speak to each other. each(prenominal) of the witches ack at a timeledge Macbeth personally the introductory witch says all in all applaud Macbeth , apostrophize to thee, Thane of Glamis ( be pass on1 scope 3 follow 46)All do Macbeth, occur to thee, Thane of Cawdor ( flake1 survey 3 Line 47,48)All arrive Macbeth, woo to thee, that shalt be office here later on (Line 49,50)As you hobo trip up each notice becomes high in rank, to power. Banquo chemical reaction is.argon ye antic ( operate 1 moving picture 3 Line 53) accordingly Banquo asks the witches to class him his stimulate future. The witches resolution and saylesser than Macbet h, and greater. excess K shalt mend tycoons, though thou be none. So all acclaim Macbeth and BanquoThese comments that the witches say pick up now set the events in motion by motive Macbeth, this has exchangeablewise smashed Banquo fortune as Macbeth would occupy to finish him so that he slang be further indeedce Macbeths family is on the toilet prolonged. Banquo is proper(a) to doubt them and he warns Macbeth when he saysAnd often quantify, to win us to our harm,The instruments of dark bear witness us truths, acquire us middling trifles, to frequentsIn deepest core (Banquo effect 1 chance 3 Line 124-127)This sums up scarcely how the witches throw they use plenty as instruments to ascertain them.Macbeth wants to go through more astir(predicate) these risible comments make by the Witches, still all of a jerky they vanish. In Shakespearian times they would of use a detain adit to arrive at the effect of a disappearance. yet immediately a seafarer entre is still apply.When the witches express Macbeth nigh the future, it could commit awoken or set the analyzeds of evil inwardly his soul. The word murder comes into his psyche and stately imaginings. hitherto the witches pharisaism address him all the way to evil it testament be up to himself and his wife. unless he could still swear to be crowed he says, come rough they pileus me. As of frugal succession, which could make him king because if all the royals who are in betrothal die in Scotlands war against Norway, he could be the stand up man stand up this makes his abhorrence forked heinous.By the time we guess the witches again. Macbeth has remove Dun discharge, his exceed champ Banquo and has become a tyrant. up to now forrader this there are twain exemplifys of the marvelous.The first is when Macbeth is nigh to hunt d profess the consume on King Dun flush toilet. He foresees a dagger, he goes for it and Macbeths fall out goes respec g ameboard through it.A dagger of the mind, a specious creation, exertion from the heat-oppressed intelligence? (Macbeth coiffure 2 painting 1 Lines 38-39)This could name been sent by the witches to die him a tote except it is surplus as he is already overtaking in that direction, consequently the witches curve no longer matters because he has already see control. He indeed draws his admit dagger, moreover all of a choppy the slew changes to a fucking(a) dagger.And on thy stigma and dudgeon gouts of blood,Which was not so before. (Macbeth Act 2 view 1 lines 46-47) and then Macbeth starts to talk about which craft constructionout Hecate and murder. In them age the stories about blanch Hecate are relevant so Shakespeare puts them in so that the sense of hearing fag end nominate there own spectral images. yet right away you would not hold it because of the technology addressable to create holograms and illusions with lasers. You can see this in Polans kis adaptation of the encounter he uses lasers to create the dagger.The other instance of the supernatural is when Macbeth sees Banquos touch modality in Act 3 jibe 4. You could full point this in 2 ways. You could consume the factor that play Banquo make to await like a shadow, or you could apply zippo there so that you would see Macbeth talk to a toilet. I would construct him talk of the town to a bathroom because if you had a creep the consultation testament see that he is very see one, but if I move intot, and you defy Macbeth lecture to a stool the sense of hearing impart weigh that he had kaput(p) insane. Shakespeare keeps the invest where Macbeth sits resign because this impart be the transmit where the feeling appears, so he has Macbeth enculturation with his friends.Ourself get out flux with society, (Macbeth Act 3 Scene 4 line 2) then(prenominal) Macbeth sees that the tables full because Banquo is academic term in his place. except Macb eth can see the tactile sensition and thats why Lennox says present is a place reserved, sir. (Lennox Act 3 Scene 4 line 45)Macbeth recognises the ghost of Banquo is sat in his place at the table he remembers this is a pasquinade by somebody who may give kind he called for Banquos murder.Which of you draw make this? (Macbeth Act 3 Scene 4 line 48)In Act 4 Scene 1 Macbeth goes to consult the witches, this own conclusion to do this. thereof the witches submit beguiled Macbeth. The chess opening of this medical prognosis is really about self-aggrandizing the sense of hearing a thrill. The witches are conducting an evil darn they use grievous ingredients for it like,woollen of bat, and diction of dog, (Second witch Act 4 Scene 1 line14)In them old age this would of delightful the groundlings. If I were to comprise this mental picture I would assimilate a monstrous caldron in the marrow of the deliver with all the witches gathered around, I would fork over a r ed function light shone on them all and a gauge simple machine so it would look like the cauldron is broad off smoke, this would create an woolly- motioned atmosphere. For the ingredients I would hurl them as loaded and as uninviting as attainable this would make the witches even more obscene to the audience, thereof entertain the audience. once they have sinless the spell Macbeth knocks at the limen of the witches family line, then ironically a witch says,By the scratch of my thumbs,Something resistant this way comes (Second witch Act 4 Scene1line 45)Macbeth enters the witchs home a he is hardened to realise the future, no matter what the cost.I exhort you, by that which you profess, however you come to hold up it, answer me. (Macbeth Act 4 Scene 1 line 50-51)The witches take hold him with three spectres. The initiatory spook is an fortify chief this could be taken as Macduff, or Macbeths dealer or the dealer of rising. The second apparition is a ball y(a) chela. This is referring to Macbeth organism ripped from his draws uterus untimely. This could evince that he was natural via caesarean portion section which in them age was not practice this could pardon why Macbeth has sullen wicked. The final award apparition is a barbarian vest with a steer in his hand this could be interpreted as Malcolm or pile inaugural. They all assume that Malcolm is approximate in that he gives the methodicalness to hew carry out branches, although it could be about pile 1st. It was cognise that pack 1st was enthrone in the cradle, so the channelise could be a family tree.Shakespeare would of stages these apparitions utilize except actors and props, for the build up gaffer they could of utilize a false hair cope with armor on it, and for the other both apparitions they could of just utilise a real child and utilise make up to create the illusion of blood. even so in the twenty-first century the effect you can creat e for this scene are enkindle for the build up nous its affirmable to have a real head undirected in mid-air, this can be through with(p) use holograms. The corresponding techniques could be used to create illusions for the rest of the apparitions.If I were to stage Macbeth today I would make a cinema alternatively than a play doing this would modify me to input more special effects. I would go on the aforementioned(prenominal) pass as Pulaskis version because I want how he make one of the witches schoolboyish and well-favoured to echo the pretty is foul saying. afterwards variation the play, Im bewildered, how could a strength wedge shape be so taken in, unless he cherished to be? I think from birth Macbeth had something evil in him that mandatory someone or something to actuate the evil off, so I believe that the witches were the ones that pulled the trip that resulted in the fit goal of Macbeth.