Foxconn’s Labor Condition

Introduction (A)Background of Foxconn Foxconn is the subsidiary of the Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. , Ltd. , which is a Taiwanese multinational electronics manufacturing company headquartered in Taiwan. It is the world's largest maker of electronic components. Foxconn is primarily an original design manufacturer and its clients include major American, European and Japanese electronics and information technology companies. Notable products manufactured by the company include iPad, iPhone, iPod, PlayStation, etc.Foxconn has factories in many different countries, which together assemble around 40 percent of consumer electronic products in the world. The reason why Foxconn become famous is that it helps Apple to assemble iPhones. In recent year, demand for Apple’s products increase dramatically. Foxconn thus mainly focus on assemble its products and receiving fewer orders from other company. However, Foxconn has been involved in several controversies, most relating to how it man ages employees in China since it is the largest private-sector employer.The employees’ suicide cases are reflecting on this problem. Therefore, Apple hired the Fair Labour Association to conduct an audit of working conditions at Foxconn in 2012. (B)Issue of the news Strike was happened in Zhengzhou factory of Foxconn in 5 October this year. Three to four thousands of employees stop working. This may affect the progress of the production line for assembling the iPhone 5. The poor working conditions are the main reason lead to the strike as Foxconn did not concern about the physical and mental health of employees.The long working hours make employees feel tired. Their effort put into the work did not have reasonable return as they only earn a very low wages for such a long working hour. Employees therefore cannot concentrate on their works. Moreover, Employees face high pressure working at Foxconn. Recent news had pointed out that Foxconn workers were fail to meet the high prod uct quality standard of Apple, because the structure of Iphone 5 is more complicated and workers have not been given enough training before they start their work, so high failure rate is obtained.The long working hour and the unsatisfactory in the production of the iPhone 5 make employees therefore face tremendous psychological pressure. Although the spokesperson explains it is only the employee dispute and will not affect the factory production. We disagreed that the strike did not bring any negative impact to Foxconn. In this report, we will examine the consequences of the strike and recommend suitable methods to solve the problem in order to minimize those negative impacts bring to the Foxconn. CausesFLA has investigated that Foxconn was fail to provide reasonable work time, compensation as well as working condition for the workers. For instance, more than 40 percent of workers had experienced or witnessed an industrial accident in the factory. (A)Long working hour with low wages The long working hour is unreasonable to the workers. In Foxconn, workers have to work for twelve hours per day excluding overtime working but they only have two to three holidays per month. Thus, they need to work over seventy hours per week and they can only get one holiday after working for ten to fourteen days.The average number of hours worked per week at Foxconn is found to be exceeded both the Fair Labor Association (FLA) Code Standard of sixty hours per week and the Chinese legal limits of forty hours per week. The wages of the workers are also relatively low. After raising the wage in 2010, the basis wage of a worker is about two thousand dollars per month. It is not reasonable for such a long working hour but the wages is so low. If the workers want to earn more, they need to work over time so that they can earn about four thousand dollars in which over 70% of the wage are overtime pay, reward and allowance. B)High pressure Leadership had high demand requirement for the q uality of iPhone 5, for example the appearance of effect can only within 0. 02 millimeters. But Foxconn did not provide any training course for employees, employee faced difficulties in producing such perfect iPhone 5 under the strict requirement. Supervisor blamed the assembly workers every day not only because of the failure in producing the perfect product but also because of receiving so many complaints about the appearance of iPhone 5 from all over the world. In Foxconn, worker is like a machine.Workers are specialized to maximize the productivity of the factory. They are required to complete each action in two seconds. Furthermore, workers who go to toilet more than ten minutes, talk or fail to meet the product targets will receive warning or even dismiss. The workers therefore are under pressure due to the tight schedule and the dissatisfaction of the products’ quality from the ultimate users, the supervisor and themselves. Consequemces Employee is a very important ass et of a company as it can’t function well without enough manpower.It is very obvious in the manufacturing company that without enough workers it cannot produce the goods on time which may affect their profit as well as their reputation. Foxconn may need to delay or even fail in delivering the iPhone 5 to Apple on time due to the strike. It may need to compensate the loss that Apple incurred due to the insufficient supplies of iPhone 5 which may decrease the profit estimated by Foxconn. Also, the complexity in producing the iPhone 5 may increase the cost of production as the raw materials used may be more than expected while the imperfect iPhone 5 provided for Apple may affect the reputation of Foxconn.Besides, Foxconn’s bargaining power may decrease due to the failure in providing the products that the customers wanted. Recommedations We are confident that Foxconn may suffer loss due to the strike and we are going to give some recommendations to Foxconn in order to min imize the potential loss that may incur. We suggest Foxconn to increase the basic salary, hire more employees and provide more training to solve the above problems. (A)Increase basisc salary Employees in Foxconn receive low basic salary and they have to work overtime in order to earn enough money for maintain their living standard.According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the consumer price index of food, clothes and necessity increased by 5%, 3. 1% and 2. 2% respectively in October (compared to same period last year). ( http://www. stats. gov. cn/tjsj/jdsj/t20121112_402850686. htm). The inflation further increases workers’ burden of living. If Foxconn increase workers’ basic salary then they do not need to work overtime which may shorten their working hour. (B)Hire more employees Employing more workers can also shorten working hours.Foxconn is now using two-shift system, so workers need to work for twelve hours per day. If more workers are employed and three-shift system is used, workers only need to work for eight hours per day. Under this system, the factory can still maintain 24-hours operation while workers have shorter working hours. Besides, employing more workers can release workers’ great pressure. Workers are required to maintain high efficiency, so they are not allowed to do unnecessary things even talking and smiling.Based on the investigation, nearly half of the employees feel stressed while working (http://cn. nytimes. com/article/business/2012/11/06/cc06foxconn/zh-hk/? pagemode=print). If Foxconn employ more workers to share the heavy work load, workers do not need to work with the unreasonable high efficiency. Then, their high pressure can be released. (C)Provide more training By providing training resource to frontline workers, the workers are able to much more familiar with the technical knowledge of the products, and lower failure rate which may also reduce their pressure.For example, Foxconn can invite a specialist from Apple Incorporation, in order to introduce or demonstrate the technical knowledge about product manufacturing in front of the frontline workers. Therefore, the probability of making mistakes decrease, workers will not be punished and they can be more relaxed. Although the above practice will raise the operating cost of the factory, the potential benefits can resolve the existing problems of the company that is the settlement of the worker’s strike. How can the recommendation be beneficial to Foxconn The suggestion we recommended not only minimize the potential losses that may incur.It can also improve the overall situation of Foxconn in management accounting perspective. (A)Higher fixed cost structure Hiring additional employees lead to an increase in fixed cost, while increase in overtime pay rate lead to an increase on variable cost. Since the specialist salary and training materials are usually a fixed amount, the overall training cost is regarded as fixed cost in general. With the assumption that China has great growth potential, and the global economic atmosphere will be improved in the coming future, a low variable cost tructure and higher contribution margin ratio are most preferred. The reason is that Foxconn’s profit will increase more rapidly as sales increase, in other words, greater profit can be resulted in good years. In addition, our recommendation helps workers are able to take enough rest, so that higher efficiency can be achieved. (B)Ethical concern – CSR Apart from amending the cost structure of Foxconn, we suggest the management should take account of corporate social responsibility in decision making process.With reference to the article of Foxconn worker condition, they received low paid relative to excessive worktime and they suffer in high working pressure, especially in assembling the Iphone 5. By introducing corporate social responsibility, Foxconn should consider the needs of all stakeholders incl uding employees when making decisions. In details, it should provide safe and humane working conditions for workers. Also, it should pay fair compensation and provide opportunities for training, promotion and personal development.According to KPMG International Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting 2011, reputation on brand, ethical considerations and employees’ motivation are top 3 businesses imperative that drive companies into corporate social responsibility. It indicates how companies enjoy the result of corporate responsibility. Except voluntarily fulfilling the moral obligation, a company can develop a good image in society which enables them to attract loyal customers. With the positive reputation, the company will be distinguished from the others and become the customers’ preference.Besides, employees tend to stay in the company with goodwill and work hard with the enjoyment of being ethic. Thus, corporate responsibility increases employees’ loyal ty and productivity. The potential benefits of corporate social responsibility will be the incentive of Foxconn to take their employees into consideration and provide better support for them in decision making process. Conclusion To sum up, we think that the strike may bring negative impacts to Foxconn and it should find ways to prevent it and solve it as soon as possible in order to minimize the loss which may incur.Our recommendations of hiring additional employees and providing training resources will lead to an increase in fixed cost, and net income will decrease consequently with the assumption that the variable cost keep constant. However, we believed that the decrease in profit can be compensated by the overall benefit bring to Foxconn by increasing the workers’ morale, production efficiency and higher product quality. More importantly, it helps Foxconn to create a positive public image. Since our recommendation will lead to a significant increase in fixed cost, Foxcon n should pay attention to its sales volume.It is because increase in fixed cost will lead to an increase in break-even sales volume, so margin of safety will be dropped consequently. It means that the risk of incurring a loss will become higher. Therefore, Foxconn should ensure that current sales level should above or equal the break-even sales volume, and prevent from emerging loss. However, it is expected that Foxconn can still have a steady growth in sales volume in the coming future, because there is still huge demand in Apple products.

Paper on Carl Sagan’s “Cosmos”

There is a bed in Seattle which is nestled in North America on the spinning Earth led by the Sun around the Milky Way, a speck of cosmic dust floating in the Universe. On this bed Carl Sagan died of an obscure disease for which there is no cure. Carl Sagan is a celebrated writer and astronomer, but most remembered for his writings. Like Galileo he brought the beauty of science to the people. He is the writer of ‘Cosmos', an award winning television mini-series that brought the wonders of astronomy into the home. His last and final work was a collection of his essays; Billions and Billions: Thoughts on Life and Death on the Brink of the Millennium. . Sagan wrote with a sense of awe, humility and reverence of nature. This book is an expression of Sagan's passions for the things around. The book is so varied in topic that it is difficult at times to find a unifying factor. Nor does the book reach any sort of conclusion as to the direction of man and things around him. In this we can understand the true sadness of Sagan's death, he was a child who was overwhelmed by the beauty of the universe around him and had not the time needed to express all of it in words. The book is split into three parts; â€Å"The Power and Beauty of Quantification†, â€Å"What are the Conservatives Conserving? † and â€Å"Where Hearts and Minds Collide†. In the first section Sagan begins by teaches the reader about large numbers and what innovations in the past allowed us to use them. Sagan moves slowly and tactfully building the readers understanding of these basic concepts of large numbers and exponents, then applies them to such problems as exponential growth of populations, radioactive decay and nuclear chain reactions. . He exposes scientific concepts like a traditional narrative. Building ‘the story' to the questions he would most like answered concerning the nature of the universe and extraterrestrial (intelligent or otherwise) life. There is only a slight deviation coherence of this section where Sagan-or the editors- decide to delve into the nature of man's war instinct and whether or not it is good to suppress it or nurture it. Sagan feels that thousands of years of a hunter/gatherer society will not be offset by relatively few years of a sedentary existence. Despite this Sagan maintains an optimistic outlook on humanities destiny, a trend that runs the course of the book. Overall this section is fairly light and enjoyable to read, the concepts early in the section will not overwhelm the reader. Upon finishing the section one is left with a sense of satisfaction, not the confusion associated by the jargon riddled books that plague this genre. In our day, that is today, there are more scientists than there ever was in the past. Tomorrow will bring more still. Scientists by nature are disruptive creatures, there favourite pastime is pacing in back and forth in their laboratories creating theories as to how the clockwork of the universe ticks. Others scientists spend their time trying to disprove each others theories. In doing so changing the nature the universe-there could be nothing more disruptive than that. What then do we do when two scientists, or, two separate herds of them disagree on a theory. We could have them strap on safety goggles, have them butt heads like mountain goats, last scientist standing is correct. Though this sounds amusing, in some circumstances it is not any better than some of systems that exists to test the validity of a theory. A theory by definition can never be proven or become fact, except for mathematical ones. The Scientific method requires of us to perform tedious experiments and to keep concise observations as a means of strengthening a theory This is the inherent problem. If two contradicting theories are both sound then which one do we accept, and to compound the problem; what if the theories were predicting if life on this planet would end in the next year, decade or century. Choosing one over the other now becomes very personal, and scientists might try to resolve their problems with attacks on each others character, each will accuse the other of scare-mongering or being too conservative. This only breeds paranoia and hate for science in the minds of the public. The issues are ozone levels, greenhouse gases, fish stocks and whatever is being leached into your backyard. Sagan address' this issue in the second part of his book. This by far being the strongest and most important part because it affects the each life on our planet. It is interesting that Sagan in his final chapter of this part â€Å"Religion and Science: An Alliance† that Sagan comes to the conclusion that Science and Religion can together work through this problem; Science being the antithesis of Religion, but both-for now- are committed to helping humanity prevail. The third and final part is mixed bag of topics from Americas cold war with Russia, America war with itself, a new view on abortion, morality and Sagan's top three advances in twentieth century existence. Each essay only begins to discuss topics of enormous depth. Sagan in the style that is prevalent throughout the book keeps them all very readable and thought provoking. The essays define so well aspects of the Twentieth century that one gets the feeling that some of them will find their way into the anthologies of the future. In many ways this book is loosely held together. Individual parts hold some unity but the book as a whole does not. This may be because the book was published after Sagans death, lack of matieral or and editors blunder. This should not detract the reader from the importance of this book. In 1994 I spent one month in the country of my ancestors, India. Immediatley I marveled at the advancements in my rural village in the period between a prior visit. Televisions had become widespread, satellites were attached to a quarter of the homes and telephones were now as common as curry. Night fell on my humble village. The nights are pitch black, there are no lamps to illuminate the streets. A problem quickly arises; if you don't know every back alley, every tiny claustrophobic cobble stone street, every pseudo-dead end path (paths that seem to dead ends but if you walk through a Hobbit hole like door, you emerge on to another tiny cobblestone street), you are quickly lost. On top of all of this, the streets are roamed by stray dogs. Attempting to walk across the village, as I did without a flashlight(they attract bandits) is daunting; frightening on the most primitive of levels. To my relief I have learned that since my visit street lamps have been installed in heavily traveled areas. As a western observer I overlooked the technological necessity of my village. By ‘my village' I mean then millions of rural villages in the dozens of countries around the world. All the gadgets that these villages will acquire will not make up for the basic security that a simple low pressure sodium street lamp will provide. These small centers will have to be built up from the ground up with their specific needs in mind. Sadly this has been overlooked by the western ‘guardians' of civilization, the dozens of failed hydroelectric, infrastructure and aid projects are a testament to that. Another sad fact is that our Eastern brothers are fed some of same 500 channel universes that are numbing western man's mind. All the eastern man receives is the ugly consumerism that is the foundation of western man's existence. The need is in education. As the technological need for both these men is distinct so too is their need of education. The western nations feel that democracy is what all nations must have to be fair and right and just and pious. Western man takes a zealous position and feels that democracy should not be strived for but imposed. Overlooking the fact that a successful democracy requires a certain level of education by its people. An education that eastern man does not have. They only man who gains is the western man because he has his thumb firmly over the squirming eastern man's head. Conversely, as the west becomes changed by technology it too will need a new kind of education. Not a kind of education that is provided in the halls of higher education but a kind for the average man. The need for this education is to remedy the phenomenon of scientific myth. Scientific myths are the conceptions that a mass population has as to the limits and powers of science. These myths are most expressed in the realms of pseudo science, advertisements, media and most importantly industry. As I write there is a debate over whether or not genetically altered food is safe or not. Both sides are armed with their infantry of experts and spin doctors. Whether there is real danger in the food is almost not a question anymore, rather this issue is that of public relations. The con side could easily win by playing to the fears of the public, by painting a picture of a Jurassic Garden, where asparagus is more deadly than killer bees. It does not matter which theory is right, the public will not be accepting when it is afraid, no amount of RNA, DNA,G,A,T,C,X Y and Zed will change that. This is where people like Carl Sagan fit in. The power of his writing is its ability to teach the average man of the wonders around him in and easy to understand, non-confrontational manner. From this education we will learn to be critical of science and not shun it. The real progress for both western and eastern man will happen on a personal level and education is its vehicle. We do not judge the progress of a society by measuring the height of their buildings, the strength of their telescopes or grace of their athletes. We measure progress by looking at the individual.

The Difference between the Third Way and Socialism Essay

The Difference between the Third Way and Socialism - Essay Example It has information about Western Europe and Anglo American world. This can include thoughts from western philosophers like Kant, Marx Hegel,Heder , Hobbes, Rousseau and miller. It has ideas and thoughts about industrial revolution in 19th century .In modern political ideas, new political theories and definitions are explored and explained. Modern political ideas suggest that the glimpse shown by social philosophers are more or less unreal and exaggerated. In order to portray political philosophies more realistically, practical matters must be included in them. If we go little deeper into Modern political ideas we can analyze two concepts namely; Third Way and socialism. It is necessary to understand these two concepts in order to analyze or interpret them. These two ideas are separate still share a common link to each other. According to BBC(1999)â€Å"Put at its most basic the third way is something different and distinct from liberal capitalism with its unswerving belief in the me rits of the free market and democratic socialism with its demand management and obsession with the state†. ... It emphasizes on responsibility, obligation and de-centralizing government while giving less importance to income re- distribution. As per Mercer (2005)â€Å"On the world stage, socialism has reinvented itself successfully and has surfaced in the guise of the vaunted Third Way whose main apparatchiks are the Clintons, the pair from Cool Britannia and the German Chancellor, Gerhard Schroeder†. The third way is a middle path where the government will tread on in order to escape the liberal attitude of socialist principles and capitalism view of industrialists. This is a successful method of governing people as citizens will get ownership to property as well as freedom to act on their own. They can also govern themselves regarding their capabilities, rights, property ownership and responsibilities in society. The ideas and principles of third way is not accurate, hence their specification is difficult. There are arguments that third way politicians speak on a double standards. Th e relation of third way with socialism Socialism has reinvented successfully in the new age and new socialist concepts are bandwagon into third way politics. The concepts of third way politics are adhered by social democrats to formulate third way social democracy. The third way democracy proponents argue that it is not socialism and it is â€Å"competition capitalism†. By accepting capitalism the new right is representing social democrats. There is something called centralized socialism and decentralized socialism. However centralized socialism is traditional and decentralized socialism needs to be taken over by the former. The association of state ownership and social ownership has an automatic association and it is followed by traditional

Process-analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Process-analysis paper - Essay Example The parts can be small or larger depending on the stylist or individual receiving the hairstyle. oilier. This makes the dreads come untwisted. Braiding, ratting, flat ironing, and using a towel with beeswax can achieve dreads. Sometimes if this does not work, hair extensions can be braided into the hair. Dread hair extensions can also be sewn into shorter hair to make the hair style. Dreads to not have to be created through neglect or not washing the hair. In fact, today dreads need to be cared for more than other hairstyles. Dreads can be washed frequently by pouring shampoo onto the dreads and letting them soak. Then water can be used to rinse out the dreads. Towels will be used to squeeze the water out of each individual dread. This can be done every other day, weekly, or even monthly. It is important to use conditioners on dreads so the hair will not break off. Most individuals chose to go to a professional to have their hair done. The process is done first and then followed up monthly. The monthly treatments are when the dreads are ratted or twisted again. It takes about two hours initially and an hour for the monthly touchups. Another way to protect dreads from untwisting or coming out is to wear a scarf to bed. This helps protect the dreads from tossing and turning at night. A scarf will also allow the dreads to remain twisted longer. It is important that dreads are totally dry before putting a scarf on or going to bed. Dreadlocks are easy to complete at home or at a professional shop. They are no longer the dirty or unkempt hairstyle of the 70’s. All hairstyles can be shaped into dreads. Boys and girls of all colors now wear this popular style. If done right, dreadlocks are a clean and attractive

Research Lifetime Appointment of Federal Judges Essay

Research Lifetime Appointment of Federal Judges - Essay Example On the other hand, they can decide on their own to resign or retire whenever they feel the need to do so. The security of tenure provided for by article 3 of the constitution, was informed by the need to ensure that the judiciary is independent and free from political interference (Federal Judicial Center n.d). It goes without saying that if the judges were subjected to a situation whereby the appointing authority has the capacity to terminate their employment at will, it would be extremely difficult for them to dispense justice without favoritism. This is especially when they are called to make judgment on matters that have a political dimension and where the issues are touching on the party affiliated to the appointing authority. In this context, they would be easily compelled to rule in favor of their boss’s interests so as to avoid being removed from office. The dilemma in making such a decision is that in a democratic society such as the US, the opposition may come to win elections in the future to form the government and if the leaders have had problems with some of the judicial officers, they may take this opportunity to remove them and replace them with friendlier ones. Security of tenure ensures that these judges are not affected by such a change, which has the capacity to ruin their lives especially from the financial perspective. In addition, it is a well known fact that experience in any field of service is acquired through long time participation. Opponents of lifetime employment of federal judges argue that having a limited term creates opportunity for introducing new members, probably younger, to the judiciary, who have the capacity to bring new and fresh ideas, which would help build more jurisprudence as they would be more conversant with current trends and issues affecting the society (Carpenter 73). In this context, the opponents insinuate that judges, who have served for a long time, for example 20 years, may tend to take a conservati ve approach, while interpreting the law, to issues brought before them. On the contrary, being old does not necessarily mean that one loses his or her cognitive abilities and therefore is no reason for one to be discriminated in the work place. They still have the potential to serve the people, who really need their expertise and experience in law. On the other hand, it does not escape the minds of opponents that old age inhibits timely delivery of services as aged people tend to succumb to fatigue at a faster rate than young people. In the judiciary, the consequence of this fatigue is an impediment to justice as it may result to backlog of cases in the courts. Mental debilitation and dementia also becomes an obstacle for a person to think or remember important aspects of law, which may lead to the making of irrelevant judgments (Federal Judicial Center n.d). For example, Justice William Douglas of the Supreme Court failed to acknowledge his inability to make healthy contributions a fter he suffered a debilitating stroke and anosognosia in 1975, even after his colleagues on the bench voted to bar him from participating and disqualifying any decisions he made (Carpenter 36). This shows that life tenure of office by judges gives

The Real Experience of Kidney Donors Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 40

The Real Experience of Kidney Donors - Assignment Example 2. The statement of the problem in the article highlights the essence of exploring the experiences of the live kidney donors and understanding them in order to offer strategies that utilize the experiences optimally. 3. The significance of the study is that it highlights the real experience that kidney donors face and seeks ways through which kidney donors and potential kidney donors can develop a positive attitude towards kidney donation. 4. Although the article does not have a distinct literature review section, the literature in the introduction and the methods section offer a comprehensive review about kidney donation and its effects on the donors and the possible ways in which more people can be encouraged to donate their kidneys. Even if some of the literatures are old, they give a comprehensive analysis of the problem, data analysis and provide a conclusion that is up to date with the current trends of surgery. For instance, Glaser and Straus(1967) offer one of the best interview analysis by utilizing the constant method of analysis. The literature also includes the latest publications that offer the current research trends and analysis. For instance, Recart et al(2005) talk about modern strategies that can be used to fast-track recovery after surgery. It can be concluded that the literature used is comprehensive and conclusive as it covers all aspects of kidney donation such as the physical and psychological ef fects and tries to seek for ways of encouraging more people to donate kidneys. 5. The methodology employed is qualitative in nature. This is because the respondents were interviewed in order to establish their views about kidney donations. By using the survey research design to explore people’s perception of the subject matter (kidney donation), it is easier to understand the major constraints and establish modalities that are essential in overcoming these constraints. For instance, this research established that the major constraints are psychological and physical effects of kidney donation and so the constraints can be overcome by educating the potential donors.  

Digital Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Digital Economy - Essay Example The paper tells that the use of search engines for e-commerce and digital economy is one which is congruent with specific associations with how individuals respond to Internet use. There are hundreds of search engines which are available, all which are able to categorize and define the specific concepts of websites that are developed. The categorization that takes effect occurs through an algorithm that consists of traffic, keywords and links that are associated with a website. If a website has a strong association with these links, then there is the ability to create a direct connection with higher search engine ranking results. The top search engines used include Google, Yahoo and MSN, all which have over 85% of users that are using the areas to find businesses and e-commerce. For businesses to gain online recognition is also the need to have search engine rankings that make it easier for consumers to find and which add as a gateway for the search engine development which is associ ated with e-commerce. The agenda which businesses are required to find is to find ways to persuade search engines so ranking is increased and development of the search engines is more effective with specific needs. The use of search engines, while creating easier placement and recognition for consumers, is one which also consists of dynamic changes that alter with the placement of search engines. Businesses that are using search engines are required to look at the dynamics and alterations which continue to fluctuate with businesses while understanding a specific way to create and develop relationships to search engines that lead to higher results. An example of this is with tourist destinations in which travelers are directed to an e-commerce portal for the booking of tickets and other alternatives. The main approach is one which is inclusive of synthesizing the information that is available online combined with continuously maintaining the dynamics that are a part of the search eng ines. The dynamics correlate with the newer information which is required for specific destinations and how this alters the placement and information which is placed on search engines. The use of search engines and the gateways used by businesses then become based not only on the basic placement but also working with the dynamic structure of evolving information that is online to create the best responses from search engine rankings and expected results (Pan et al, 2010: 365). Growth of Search Engines for Online Business The amount of Internet access which individuals have is continuing to grow each year and is dominating the market with those who are interested in accessing information and different businesses. Denmark, Sweden, Norway and the UK are leading the online business trends with over 90% of individuals which have the Internet and regularly access

Sexism - Social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sexism - Social work - Essay Example Religious writings the date back two thousand years ago illustrate how women were thought to be of no essence. 1 Timothy 2:16 â€Å" I permit no woman to teach or have authority over men. She is to keep silent.† Thus, the term sexism has been far more associated with discrimination against females. When society began to depict the roles of men as heads of nations and kingdoms, pioneers of expeditions and discoveries, brave heroes of war, engineers of technology and infrastructure, great thinkers and philosophers, etc., it unconsciously instilled prejudicial thoughts -- that there exists an inferior gender, the female gender. In the years to come, the â€Å"battle of the sexes† would not be limited to the male and female genders but to the transsexuals as well. (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, 2007) The rise of the feminist movement which began in the late 19th century of the western society was a result of years of suppressed freedom, restlessness, frustration and oppression. As women were labeled by men as the â€Å"weaker sex,† they were denied access to education, suffrage, political representation, employment and equality under the law. The clamor for change and equality became a resounding battle cry of the feminist movement. They protested about double standards dictated upon by society in which, they argued, were exclusively favorable to men. It is not surprising then how the movement has evolved through modern times. When once their sole purpose was focused on creating equal opportunity for women, they became hungry for dominance and authority by suppressing men and propagating negative views about them and thus, have become instigators of sexism as well. Transsexuals are also victims of sexism. They have been openly criticized as having gender identity disorders which are psychological in nature. They are often the recipients of verbal abuse and have been labeled as fags,

The United Nations and Colombia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The United Nations and Colombia - Essay Example The Republic of Colombia, which achieved independence from Spain in 1810 and became recognized in 1819, joined the UN on 5th October 1945 (Borda & Castillo 3). It is among the present member states and is located on South America’s northwestern coast. The country has Ambassador Maria Emma Mejia as its permanent representative to the UN. This paper will research on how Colombia started in the UN, how it has maintained itself over the years as a member, its relations with the organization, and the past and current projects it has had with it. Briefly describing the UN, its system is basically structured on five key organs which include the General Assembly, the International Court of Justice, the Security Council, the Secretariat and the Economic and Social Council (Fasulo 14). The General Assembly resolves non-compulsory recommendations to countries and makes decisions on the admission of new member states after the Security Council’s proposal. The Secretariat, chaired by the UN Secretary General, provides administrative support to the other bodies, while the International Court of Justice decides and settles disputes between countries that acknowledge its opinions and jurisdiction. The Security Council’s key responsibility is maintaining international security and peace, and the Economic and Social Council coordinates social and economic affairs globally (Fasulo 15). To become a member state of the UN as well as a member of the UN General Assembly, the organization’s main deliberative assembly of w hich all member states are, Colombia fulfilled the obligations stipulated by the Charter. Part of the requirements state that although membership is open to all states, such states must be sovereign, peace-loving and willing to observe all obligations as contained in the Charter. Further, in conformity with the provisions of Article 4, Chapter 2 of the UN Charter, Colombia was subjected to the General Assembly’s decision after the

Grid Iron Gang Essay Example for Free

Grid Iron Gang Essay 1. Clearly identify the movie watched. The movie I decided to watch for this project was Gridiron Gang. 2. What stereotypes or assumptions are made about the ethnic or cultural group? That they are criminals might be juvenile delinquents, uneducated, thugs or gang members and that they are trouble makers. 3. What is/are the identified issues of one of the many characteristics? Discuss at least two. Roger weathers was one of the main characters that the movie started out with. One issue was that he had to much time to be on the streets. Obviously he did because the movie started out with him being in the juvenile detention center. With all this time it allowed him to be out wondering the streets committing crime but also mix with the wrong people. The second issue was that he was a known gang member. Once he was released, he went right back to that same lifestyle and ran into some friends that were in trouble and he got killed. 4. Discuss at least one theory of delinquency and how it might apply to one or more of the characters in the film? In the book there are psychological theories. Psychoanalytic approach is a theory is composed as a structure with three parts, the id, ego and super ego. The id is the part of one’s personality that is comprised of unconscious biological and psychological desires and instincts. The ego is the part of one’s personality that represents the identity of the actual behavior. Finally, the superego is the part of one’s personality that represents the conscience and moral character of the individual. If the id is stronger than the superego, delinquency is more likely to occur. I think that this theory applies to Kenny bates in the film because he stole a car. I don’t think he needed the car, he just wanted it. Also I think it applies to bug wendal because he robbed an old woman for her money. 5. What are some of the risk and protective factors you can identify for one or more of the characters in the film? For Roger weathers some risk factors I could come up with are: low involvement in the four key areas, gun possession, chronic truancy, police trouble and gang membership. I could not think of any protective factors for him. For Willie weathers some risk factors I came up with were: low involvement in the four key areas, violence and aggression, gun possession and gang membership. I could not think of any protective factors for him as well. I couldn’t think of any protective factors for either of the characters because we get to see the home life of Willie and it doesn’t seem to be so much of a happy home. The mother seems to get beaten by her boyfriend and Willie seems as if he has all the free time to run around in a not so good neighborhood. As for roger, I’m just guessing it’s the same lifestyle for him since he also participated in a gang and in criminal activity. 6. Did the movie give you hope or inspiration? Or did you feel sad and depressed? Why and how? The movie gave me hope and inspiration. I felt good about the outcome of it. It ended happy and the juveniles all played the football game with all their heart. It’s because in the beginning they didn’t seem to work well together, getting in fights and not playing as a team. Throughout the movie they kept getting closer and closer and playing better together and when they really needed to they pulled it through in the end and won that game. It made me look at them different even though they it’s not real life.. The stragedies and whole thought of the delinquents coming together and accomplishing something they all wanted in custody, was a wonderful thing.

Food Court In Kampar Area Commerce Essay

Food Court In Kampar Area Commerce Essay 2.1.1 The name, logo, and location of the propose business Name The business that we proposed is food court in Kampar area, namely as Spark Food Court. Spark Food Court is in its startup stage. A food court is a plaza or common area within a facility that is contiguous with the counters of multiple food vendors and provides a common area for self-serve dining. Logo Figure 2.1: Logo of Spark Food Court Explanation of logo Location Spark Food Court is located at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar, which is in new town Kampar. Besides, Spark Food Court is nearby Tunku Abdul Rahman College (KTAR) and Westlake Home. It is also surrounding by other housing-shops, such as restaurant, photocopy and printing shop, cybercafà ©, mini market, and others. Figure 2.2: Location of Spark Food Court Source: The main reason of Spark Food Court sold the multi-choices of foods, which also include HALAL foods is that Kampar has a population of around 68,000 over a land mass of 39,000 hectares in the last 2009. The majority of the towns population is Chinese and other races such as Malays and Indians make up the rest of Kampars population. There is an increasing of population due to Tunku Abdul Rahman College (KTAR) and University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) operating in new town and Kampar also served by various primary and secondary schools. With an estimated combined capacity of more than 20,000 students, these two institutions are touting to be the two instruments that will restore the town to its former glory. Therefore, more restaurants and food centers are need due to the high demands in population. New food court center will cater for the population of Kampar and provides potential opportunities for part-time work for students living in the neighborhood. Spark Food Court holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions to customers. In addition, people are always changing their taste or flavor in having meals. Therefore, Spark Food Court has the ability to satisfy customers needs by serving them with more than 30 different choices of foods in one place. 2.1.2 Nature of business / product or services offer It proposes that in order to satisfy the businesss mission, Spark Food Court anticipate the needs and wants of consumers and satisfy these more effectively than its competitors. First, Spark Food Court rents the places to other vendors to sell their foods, while Spark Food Court itself sells beverages to customers. Meaning that, Spark Food Court provides services to vendors (rent the place) and at the same time provides products (beverage) to customers. The product that Spark Food Court provides is beverages and foods. The foods that provide generally have different choices with HALAL foods, which Spark Food Court welcoming and serving all races of customers at the same time. Around the Kampar, we have found that the restaurants that only provided HALAL foods almost are Muslim-Indian restaurants, which is Mamak Stalls. Therefore, those customers who find for HALAL food have limited choices of food to choose in Kampar. Spark Food Court is able to serve all customers, neither Muslim nor non-Muslim. Muslim customers are one of Spark Food Courts potential customers because the foods include HALAL foods. HALAL food stalls and non-HALAL food stalls are separates in Spark Food Court. Consequently, even there are some non-HALAL food stalls in Spark Food Court, Muslim customers will feel safe and have the confidence to have their meal. Besides that, price of the foods is reasonable, which it can simply be what exchanged for the product or services between Spark Food Court and customers. Spark Food Court also distributes a colorful catalog with menu and price listed that paste in front of the vendors stall. The catalog with menu and price also share out to every house to let all potential customers know. Thus, Spark Food Court provides good environment to customers. Spark Food Court is able to provide more than 30 different choices of foods in one place. There is a large place enough for customers with their friends and families gather to have a meal. Spark Food Court has free spaces that allow customers to park their car, bike, or motorcycle. This will make customers feel convenience when having meal in Spark Food Court. 2.1.3 Company mission and objectives Spark Food Courts Mission: Target to all customers, either Muslim or non-Muslim especially in new town Kampar Provide multi-choices of foods, which include HALAL foods Satisfy all customers in Kampar area with a reasonable price Improve quality of products and outstanding in a hygienic and larger environment Provide a friendly service environment compare to competitors Spark Food Courts Objective: Generate profitable investment return for investors or shareholders between year three and five. Payback period within three to five years The Opportunity 2.2.1 Problem to solve or need to be filled Population Based on the research, the populations in Kampar were generally increasing every year, especially those students from different states and the retirement citizen. The main factor of increasing students in Kampar is due to the established of UTAR campus and the existing of KTAR in Kampar. When population of students increases, this will straightly followed by the demand of foods. As what we had observed from the Kampar area, the choices of food is rather limited compare to other places while the population is higher. Besides, some of the foods that provided from restaurants are not customer flavor or taste. Because of this reasons, students are only select patronize the few restaurants that they frequently go. Different Choice of Food Thus, customers are facing problem when they want to decide which restaurant they want to have their meal. This is because due to the choices of foods that the restaurants provided are limited. Around Kampar, it is difficult to find restaurants that can provide more choices of foods. Those potential customers feel bored to the same restaurants and their food taste. This is because human being always wants different things and many choices to choose. HALAL Food The population of Kampar is around 68,000 people that mix with Chinese, Malays, and Indians. Somehow, we have found that those restaurants that provided HALAL foods almost are Muslim-Indian restaurants, which is Mamak Stalls. Therefore, those customers who find for HALAL food have limited choices of foods to choose in Kampar because those restaurants that provide HALAL food are few. Muslim customers are feeling bored when they always went to the same restaurants. Location Because of the increasing of students in Kampar, this will straightly followed by the increase of vehicles in Kampar area. However, the parking places are not enough to satisfy all the vehicles in Kampar area. Customers feel inconvenience to find parking place for their vehicles. Besides, some students who have no vehicles are inconvenient to walk long to find restaurant that suit their taste. How the proposed business solves the problem or fills the need Population To satisfy the demand of the customers, Spark Court Food rents stalls to vendors and provides many choices of foods with reasonable price to customers. Therefore, Spark Food Court can fulfill customers basic of need. As we know that, food is the basic need of human being therefore, how can we attract new customers actually is from the special and quality of food itself. Therefore, more restaurants and food centers are need due to the high demands in population. Different Choice of Food The product that Spark Food Court provides is beverages and foods. The foods that provide generally have different choices and HALAL foods, which Spark Food Court welcoming and serving all races at the same time. Price of the foods is reasonable, which it can simply be what exchanged for the products or services between Spark Food Court and customers. More than 30 different choices of foods can obtain by customers at a same place. Spark Food Court provides different choices of food, which include Japanese food, Thai food, Western food, Economic rice, HALAL foods, and others to satisfy customers needs and wants. HALAL Food The reason of Spark Food Court sold the HALAL food is to satisfy the need for Muslim customers. This is because Spark Food Court is able to serve all races of customers at the same time. Spark Food Court rents the stall to vendors who sell HALAL foods. Besides, HALAL and non-HALAL food stalls is separates. Therefore, Muslim customers will feel safe and have the confidence to have their meal in Spark Food Court. Even Chinese market in Kampar is huge, but Muslim customers are also one of Spark Food Courts potential customers. Location Thus, the place of Spark Food Court located is strategic because it target to all customers in new town Kampar area, especially students. Spark Food Court provides free spaces that allow customers to park their car, bike, or motorcycle. Spark Food Court is near to KTAR and other housing area, which students and others customers can reach food court center even they have no car or bike. Competitive Advantages 2.3.1 Description of the Business Model Figure 2.3: Business Model Source: Developed for the research. Core Strategy Spark Food Court mission is to provide a comfortable and variety choice of foods as eating point to customers. The difference between Spark Food Court and competitors is the clean and hygiene environment and trendy building structure. Customers are enjoyable when having meal in Spark Food Court and the turnover rate is high. Beside, the quality of food and services are also a main core strategy to attract new customers. Every three months, Spark Food Court will review the customers like and dislike by survey and interview session to overcome weakness and continue sustainable in future. For any improvement and changes, there will be a small meeting with all management team members, workers, and vendors. Strategy Resources The strategy location at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar is main core competency as it is located in between the potential customers, which are University Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), and Tunku Abdul Rahman College (KTAR) students. Spark Food Court is situated near to the main customers including UTAR, KTAR, Sekolah Kebangsaan Sentosa, Sekolah Menengah Sentosa, SMJK(C) Pei Yuen, SRJK(C) Chung Hua, Kampar Clock Tower, SMK Sri Kampar, SMJK(T) Kampar, Kampar river, Kampar Recreation Park, SRK Methodist ACS Kampar, Kampar Central Wet Market. Nevertheless, it is accessible by modes of transportation, such as motorbike, bicycle, bus, taxi, and car. This has given an opportunity great advantage to compete with other rivals outside. Customer Interface The core target market of Spark Food Court is students and staffs at two nearby privacy institutions and the residents from all the Kampar. There are several channels of interactions with the target market, which include the situated location at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar, distributed with flyers before the opening of Spark Food Court, through word of mouth by customers, and online information from websites. Partnership Network A good and trustful supplier is a very important factor in order to provide the quality and effective products and services to the customers itself. Therefore, reliable supplier will result in reducing wastage cost and increase growth of profit. Furniture and fitting Spark Food Court purchases the furniture and fitting at IKEA retail shop. IKEA is offering dynamic designed and functional Home Furnishing product with reasonable price which is afford by every of its customers. (APPENDIX A) Spark Food Court chooses Elmod Enterprise as seller network for furniture and fitting. Elmod Enterprise is selling its products constructed with highest-grade material and built in exact standards. Besides, it also focuses on the style, quality and value of the products to customers. (APPENDIX A) Electrical appliances As for electrical appliances, Spark Food Court is very confident with buying the electrical appliances with Haier. Haier is a globally brand of goods manufacturing and official home appliances. It is typically manufacturing products such as refrigerators, air conditioners, kitchen appliances and so on, which titled as Top Brands in China. (APPENDIX A) Kitchen equipment The good reputation of GH Stainless Steel has leaded Spark Food Court to choose it kitchen equipment. GH Stainless Steel started in middle year of 1960s and today it is recognizing as a leading manufacturer of Stainless Steel industry. (APPENDIX A) Building construction The entire building project of Spark Food Court will take over by He-Con Sdn Bhd who is familiar with the infrastructure and building construction. Besides, by applying HC precast building system given customers with cost effectiveness, high quality finish and easy standardization construction. (APPENDIX A) Interior and exterior design Gukawe Resources is going to analyze and plan for Spark Food Court interior and exterior design in term of it deeply experienced in design industry and knowledgeable employees. Likewise, the company also provides the design service for digital brochures, flyers, catalogs and so forth. (APPENDIX A) As Sunshine Granite Sdn Bhd is one of the experts of renovation and design company in Malaysia, therefore it will handle the interior and exterior design of Spark Food Court as whole. The manufacturer of the Sunshine Granite Sdn Bhd products is imported from the renowned countries like Span, China, Turkey and others. (APPENDIX A) 2.3.2 How the Business will create a sustainable competitive advantage Figure 2.4: Competitive Advantage Source: Developed for the research. Location The perfect location at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar create a sustainable competitive advantage for Spark Food Court because of the established of UTAR and KTAR mainly play an important role to attract the customers. In addition, from Bidor Tol to Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar is only taken 30 minutes time per kilometer per hour by car. Somehow, the strategic location of Spark Food Court was surrounding by all the potential customers that can take as granted to open such an ideal food business. Variety of Food Choice By providing multiple of food vendors including HALAL food enable every religion to have meal at Spark Food Court. In order to satisfy the need and desire of customers, Spark Food Court established as a first standardized Food Court at Jalan Hala Timah 3, Kampar, which consists of 30 different food stalls. It provides food, such as Thai food, Western food, Chinese food, Malay food, Indian food, and so on. Therefore, the different type of foods that sells at Spark Food Court can be a huge competitive advantage compares other competitors because of the variety of food choices. This is because customers can obtain the food they want in one place. Customers can choose their favorable food rather than others places that only offered a limited choice of food to them. Environment Spark Food Court generally provides a safety and hygiene environment including the cleanliness of the food court, proper attire by workers, facilities in good condition and the safety of food to consume which as a value added to their customers. It operate to ensure the customer is being treated as good enough in order to keep them as loyal customers in the future. Spark Food Court concern with the environment matter, so the facilities provided is being review occasionally to ensure in the safety mode. Besides, workers will immediately clean the table after customers leave, thus next customers will not have to wait and have a clean environment to have meal. Food Court Design The Spark Food Court will be design in a unique style of food court, which creatively use of all spaces and attractive interior design. Spark Food Court will design slightly same like the food court in major Shopping Complex and the uniqueness is it build as standalone building in rural area Kampar. As we are concern with the interior and exterior of the food court design, so the Food Court is prioritize in trendy outlook, which including the fitting and furniture, building structure, kitchen component and others. Apart from that, HALAL and non-HALAL food stalls will be separated. Therefore, Muslim customers will feel that they are respected of what kind of food they cannot take. Management Team Our enthusiastic leader, Miss Ho Lib Jiun will guide the overall process of preparing the Spark Food Court business plan. The Food Court Operation management will be fully managed by Mr. Vince Pang Von Khong. Miss Ng Chai Siah who is familiar in promotion strategy and tools as well manages the Sales and Marketing Department. Finally, Miss Toh Su Ling who has several training experience in accounting and financing field will manage the Finance Department. However, the management team will undergo with some training and development skills to maintain the business sustainable in the food industry Current Status and Requirement Description of the business stands today and what the business needs to move forward (Projected milestones is required) Table 2.1: Projected Milestones for Pre-Commencement Task Activities Durations Starting Date Finish Date Project Presentation 1 day 16/08/2010 16/08/2010 Project Approval 14 days 17/08/2010 30/08/2010 Receives Funding 14 days 31/08/2010 13/09/2010 Acquire Location 7 days 14/09/2010 20/09/2010 Obtain Required License and Permits 30 days 21/09/2010 20/10/2010 Commence Renovation and Retrofit Building 150 days 21/10/2010 19/03/2011 Search Suppliers for Ordering and Purchasing 21 days 20/03/2011 9/04/2011 Arrangement for Equipments 5 days 10/04/2011 14/04/2011 Application for Vendors 30 days 15/04/2011 14/05/2011 Application for Service Workers 21 days 24/04/2011 14/05/2011 Promotional Action 21 days 15/05/2011 04/06/2011 Ordering Uniforms for Vendors and Workers 21 days 15/05/2011 04/06/2011 Wireless Registration 5 days 24/05/2011 28/05/2011 Training Workers 7 days 30/05/2010 05/06/2011 Create Awareness on Workers and Vendors 3 days 03/06/2011 05/06/2011 Start Business Operation 06/06/2011 (Refer Gantt Chart) APPENDIX B Table 2.2: Projected Milestone Time Frame Activities 2011 Commence of business. Achieve total revenue of RM ______in the end of the year. 2012 Achieve total revenue of RM ______and making profit of RM _____in the end of year. 2013 Achieve total revenue of RM ______and making profit of RM _____in the end of year 2014 Achieve total revenue of RM ______and making profit of RM _____in the end of year 2015 Payback the start-up capital within ______

SA Purge - June 1934 :: Ancient Rome Roman History

SA Purge - June 1934 The Nazi consolidation of power was a gradual process that took place in many steps and was due to many factors, although a great deal happened in the first few months of Hitler's rule. However, the purge of the SA in June 1934 was a major turning point as it tremendously increased Hitler's power over the state. By the time Adolf Hitler was elected as Chancellor of Germany in January 1933, the consolidation of power was not having the desired effect. Hitler immediately called another election, and using his newly acquired power, his first step was to ban all newspapers and political meetings, particularly those of the Communists (KPD). He also dissolved the Prussian parliament, which effectively gave Hermann Goring complete control of 60% of Germany's police force. The police support of the Nazi Party was the backing for a violent terror campaign against other political parties, again particularly against the KPD. This campaign of terror resulted in the Reichstag fire, blamed on the Communists. Some historians believe the fire was started by the Nazis, and was all a ruse to lose more Communist votes and exploit fears of a mass left-wing uprising. Whatever the case, Hitler claimed that the Communists were trying to intentianally thwart the Nazis' election campaign. He asked President Hindenburg for extra powers to deal with any potential hazards, prompting Hindenburg to issue the Decree for the Protection of People and State. This law allowed the government to arrest people at will and also take over provincial governments, and was the first step towards a totalitarian government. It allowed the Nazis to completely smash the Communist election campaign and gain more seats in the Reichstag. Despite this mass terror campaign, the nazi party still failed to win the majority of seats in the election, gaining under 44% of the votes. However, a majority was eventually gained by the Nazi's winning the support of the Nationalist Party, as well as continuing campaigns of intimidation and scare-mongering. In the March election the Nazi party claimed just over half of the seats in the Reichstag, making them the largrest political party in Germany. However, the Nazis were not voted for in many Catholic and working-class areas of Germany. This did not stop their drive for power - they simply took control of the state governments and persuaded the Reichstag to pass an Enabling Law, which would give Hitler national power for the next four years.

Homosexuality in the Film Latter Days and in Sexual Perversion by Nagel

From the assigned readings and film, I felt that I have gained a better understanding on one of the most controversial types of relationships, homosexuality. The topic of homosexuality isn’t easy to openly talk about but it is important as philosophy students, to have an open-mind about topics that we don’t partake in. Doing so allows us to promote new ways of thinking about the world around us and see them in a whole new light. In this personal response paper, I will discuss homosexuality in connection with the film Latter Days to determine why a homosexual relationship can meet Kant’s criteria for acceptable love as mentioned in Ruse’s essay, â€Å"Is Homosexuality Bad Sexuality?†, as well as why it qualifies as a complete and healthy relationship as described by Nagel in â€Å"Sexual Perversion.† Michael Ruse’s essay revolves around the central question if homosexuality is an acceptable form of relationship. In order to help answer this question, Ruse examines this argument from multiple philosophical perspectives, mainly the categorical imperative and utilitarianism. The first ethical framework is Kant’s categorical imperative. According to this theory, a person should not use another for their own benefit or the benefit of others because â€Å"people must be treated as subjective worthy beings in their own right† (Ruse, 1995, pg.113). This means that in a relationship, one must not treat the other as a means to the fulfillment of their sexual desires (e.g. as a sexual object). Instead, there must be respect for the dignity of the other. â€Å"By giving oneself reciprocally – by yielding oneself, body and soul – one shows respect for the other as an end and not just as a means† (Ruse, 1995, pg. 113). In doing so, according to Kant, there woul... ...ity was something that I never really took the time to think about but after reading the essays and watching the film, I have newfound respect for homosexuality. I know it’s only a matter of opinion, but I do genuinely feel that homosexuality is indeed an acceptable way for people to act and that there is nothing wrong with it. Works Cited Nagel, T. (1995). Sexual perversion. In R. Stewart (4th Ed.), Philosophical Perspectives on Sex and Love (pp. 105-112). New York, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Ruse, M. (1995). Is homosexuality bad sexuality?. In R.Stewart (4th Ed.), Philosophical Perspectives on Sex and Love (pp. 113-123). New York, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Schaefer, J. & Tibbles, K. (Producers), & Cox, C.J. (Director). (2003). Latter days [Motion picture]. United States: Funny Boy Films & Davis Entertainment Filmworks.

Environment Analysis for Tata Motors Limited Essay

An analysis of the opportunities and threats posed by the environment results in the identification of the key focus areas for the expansion and growth of the company and also makes the company aware of the potential threats that can go against its growth plans. Opportunities * Globalization and access to innovative technologies: The current scenario of globalization provides access to newer markets and innovative technologies. Many countries provide a fruitful environment for wider market access and expansion of the target customer segment. Joint ventures and mergers and acquisitions are effective routes to enter new market and have access to specialized technologies and manufacturing processes that are core competencies of certain countries. For example, Germany is known for its advanced engineering technology. Tata Motors acquired Land Rover and Jaguar brands which provided the company the opportunity to market cars in the luxury segment. Tata Motors also acquired Daewoo Motor’s commercial vehicle business which expanded Tata Motors’ car market and access to technology * Emerging markets and expansion abroad: Developing countries that have low income earning families i.e. people having low purchasing power can be targeted for selling the cheaper and robust commercial vehicles. This will boost the exports for low cost commercial vehicles. Nano, the poor man’s car has a huge market in the lower income group to cater to, it also gives competition to the motorbike segment where buyers can be attracted to buy a low cost car as compared to a bike * Emerging demand for environment friendly vehicles: There is an increased demand for the environment friendly commercial vehicle alternatives. It increases the existing market segment and provides growth opportunities in this niche segment Threats * High level of competition: There is increased competition for the luxury market in India from foreign companies that have begun to enter the Indian market such as Honda, Toyota, Ford and Mercedes-Benz * Sustainability and environmentalism: Though sustainable and eco-friendly vehicles are high in demand, the increasing price competition among the existing players can prove detrimental for the relatively costlier eco-friendly vehicles. The situation will get further worsened in case environmental regulations are tightened by the government * Down turn of the world economy: As seen in the past few years, financial downturn in the world markets can have negative impact on the demand for the commercial vehicles both in the luxury and the price-sensitive segment. In case a foreign country faces pressure to survive the financial turmoil, the amount of money spent by the residents of that country will decrease leading to a fall in the demand for the commercial vehicles * Increased material costs: Rising prices of materials such as steel and aluminium can increase the cost of production of the vehicles in India. Rising petrol and diesel prices will further increase the cost of the commercial vehicle which will negatively impact the demand for the product Therefore, the Indian commercial vehicle industry is a highly competitive industry that provides immense growth and expansion opportunities but have potential threats that can negatively affect the future growth plans of the Indian commercial vehicle manufacturing companies.

Dunnes Store Organisational Structure

Dunnes Stores is an Irish, family owned, mass market retailer in the grocery and textiles and the company ethos has been based on the principles of very competitive pricing, good quality products and choice. These principles are encapsulated in the words ‘Better Value' for which Dunnes Stores has become famous.Structure of StoresAll Buying & Support functions are located in Dunnes Stores Head Office, based in Dublin City Centre. Head Office currently employs approximately 520 people. Head Office management visit stores regularly to ensure that issues are resolved as quickly as possible and to share ideas and opinions. The Head Office departments break down into 4 main areas:†¢Grocery Buying – dealing with products ranging from Tissues to TVs. We have Buyers and support positions in Beverages, Confectionary, Wine, Dry Grocery, Dairy, Bakery, Frozen Food, Non Food, Convenience, Fresh Meat & Poultry and Fresh Produce. †¢Textiles Buying – dealing with produc ts ranging from Socks to Sofas. They have Buyers and support positions in Ladieswear, Homewares, Menswear, Childrenswear, Footwear, Lingerie & Hosiery and Accessories (see our Day in the Life section).†¢Operations – This is a section dealing with all operational matters, including Operations Development, Grocery Operations, Textiles Operations, Operations Finance, Food Hygiene, Security & Loss Prevention, Health & Safety, Catering and Merchandising. They ensure that the stores are performing as they should be and that there is nothing which prevents a store from operating to the highest level for service and standards. †¢Finance & Accounts – This is where they keep number crunchers, in departments such as Financial Accounts, Management Accounts, Grocery Accounts, Drapery Accounts, Overheads, Insurance, Purchasing, Treasury, Shipping, Trade, Salaries, Wages, Central Payment, Figures and MIS. They also employ specialists in the following areas:-†¢Store Dev elopment †¢Human Resources †¢Business Systems †¢MarketingAs you can see Head Office consists of a lot of different departments! Within each department there are sub departments and within each sub department there are a lot of different types of positions at all different levels. This all means that there are lots of opportunities and great career prospects for people across a broad range of disciplines and backgrounds.In 1943 Bernard â€Å"Ben† Dunne opened his first store, a drapers shop, in Cork, Ireland and by 1944, the first store bearing the Dunnes name opens. Now family-owned Dunnes Stores Ltd remains an Irish tradition, with nearly 125 department stores, combining groceries, home furnishings, and clothing, throughout Ireland, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland, and Spain. Ireland is the core of the company's operations, with 89 stores, and the company has expanded strongly into the Northern Ireland market, with 23 stores. The company's 11 stores in England and Scotland are textile-only stores, but its four stores in Spain are modeled after its traditional Irish department stores. In addition, Dunnes has begun a drive into the convenience store market, converting one of its sites to a smaller â€Å"American-style† format.The intensely private company, which has long held the slogan of â€Å"Better Value† and which has long shunned the media spotlight, has also registered a subsidiary (sister company), called Better Value Conveniently Yours Ltd., suggesting its intention to expand further into the convenience store market, under the Conveniently Yours name. Dunnes remains controlled by the founding Dunne family, with the founder's daughter Margaret Heffernan acting as CEO since the early 1990s. Under Heffernan's leadership, the company has shifted away from its deep-discount roots to position itself as a mid-priced market retailer. The company is purported to be grooming the next generation to take over the company , with Heffernan's daughter Anne tipped as her mother's successor. Dunnes remains committed to its status as a private, independent company.Principal Competitors: Tesco Plc; Musgrave Group Plc; Roches Stores Ireland Ltd.; Arnotts Plc; Brown Thomas Group Ltd.ROLES IN DUNNES STORES15,000 people operate throughout the Dunnes Stores Group within a vast array of different and diverse positions. Buying and Selling is clearly the backbone of any retailer, and in Dunnes Stores it is no different. However they also employ many people within numerous different support functions both within Stores as well as within Head Office. Positions include Human Resources, Finance & Accounting, Customer Care, Information Technology, Marketing, Store Development, and Operations – to name but a few!The Company is still family-owned and the family members are still very active in the day to day running of the Company. Their commitment and drive is critical in ensuring the winning momentum continues a nd that critical business decisions are made in a timely manner. These decisions filter through the Company and are enacted extremely quickly.EXAMPLES OF SOME ROLES IN DUNNES STORESSales AssistantsThe Sales Assistants are critical in ensuring that customer demands and expectations are met. They assist throughout the day (and sometimes throughout the night) in ensuring that products are replenished and re-merchandised to a high standard. They are the face of the Company and meet and greet customers on a daily basis, offering them high quality service through the appropriate training and support.Many of today’s Store Managers started their careers as Sales Assistants, either straight out of school or working part-time whilst at college.Retail ManagersThere are managers operating in areas such as Grocery, Dairy/Frozen, Non Food, Fresh Foods, Fresh Produce, Goods Inwards, Homewares, Ladieswear, Childrenswear, Menswear, Security, Human Resources, Checkouts, Food Safety as well as within their Timepiece Restaurants. These are fast paced and challenging roles, where the main objectives are to maximise Customer Service, Sales and Standards. A Manager in Dunnes Stores would drive productivity within the team and look for opportunities where standards can be improved and where positive results can be maximised.Store ManagersStore managers are responsible for delegating tasks / duties and driving productivity and satisfaction amongst their team (which can now incorporate up to 700 people). Duties include controlling overheads, maximising sales performance on every product, controlling stock loss and wastage, ensuring the best results from company audits and making sure that your yearly targets are reached and exceeded.The beauty of Dunnes Stores is that each store is operated like a mini business on its own – and store managers are the one in the driving seat. When I say ‘mini-business’ but it may well be a business responsible for millions of Euro a week!!Store Managers have to adhere to the Company policies and procedures but they can also open the door each day to their own agenda.

Calypso or Circe Essay

Nausicaa is the first normal woman Odysseus sees in nearly twenty years, the last of whom being the women from Ismarus, the city he sacks directly after leaving Troy, and understandably he is very weary of her. Despite this, or perhaps because of it, he treats her with the utmost respect and keeps his distance from her, both physically and emotionally. He admires her beauty, respects her decisions and listens to her like an equal, despite her age and sex, which shows respect, although not necessarily feelings. Despite his lack of show of affection towards her, he is kind and shows his appreciation for her saving him from death – ‘I do indeed pray to Zeus†¦ to let me reach my home†¦ If he does, then I will pray you as a divinity all the rest of my days. For it was you lady, who gave me back my life. ‘ showing how he does indeed respect what she has done for him, and is grateful towards her. After Odysseus leaves Nausicaa in the town, Homer does not mention her anymore but for their goodbyes, despite the fact they are staying under the same roof. This indicates Odysseus’s lack of interest in Nausicaa’s comings and goings. When Odysseus begins to explain his adventures to Alcinous, in particular he mentions Calypso and Circe, and how he never had any affection for them – ‘The divine Calypso was certainly for keeping me in her cavern home because she yearned for me to be her husband and with me the same object Circe†¦. but never for a moment did they win my heart. ‘ Here Odysseus states in his own words that he was never won over by either, and although he may have found pleasure in staying with them, it could never compare with the pleasure of seeing his wife again; any feelings he had towards Calypso or Circe were not genuine or heart-felt. Similarly to Calypso, Circe is first seen as ‘singing with her beautiful voice’ and ‘weaving one of those delicate, graceful and dazzling fabrics that goddesses make’, and the temptation to stay with her (as he then does with Calypso) would have been immense. Hermes warns her that ‘she will†¦ invite you to her bed. You must not refuse†¦ if you want her to free your men and look after you’. The fact that Odysseus obeys this shows the extent of what he would do to free his men and return home; going to bed with Circe would have been merely another obstacle for him on his journey home, his feelings towards her being limited. Although he describes the ‘comfortable heat’ and the way ‘all the painful weariness was gone’ from his limbs, his ‘thoughts were elsewhere’ and ‘mind was full of forebodings’ showing how he cannot feel content without knowing his crew is safe and his chances for ever reaching home are still tangible. In addition, the way in which he prioritises Circe’s actions towards him and his crew is also relevant, seeing as it is Odysseus recounting the story to Alcinous. He first says Circe ‘graciously bathed the members of my party in her palace and rubbed them with olive-oil. She gave them tunics and warm cloaks’, showing how to him, the women he encounters are mostly beneficial to him for the reason that they give him and his crew shelter, food and drink, and there is no implication of any feeling towards them. They stay on the island for a year, and by the end the crew are frustrated – ‘What possesses you to stay on here? It’s time you thought of Ithaca’. It is only when Ithaca is mentioned that Odysseus is persuaded to leave – ‘my proud heart was convinced’; if he did have any feelings towards Circe, he would have stayed, or at least contemplated staying for a little longer. Overall I consider that Odysseus does not care about these women. He loves his wife dearly – ‘[Penelope] is never out of your thoughts’- and is happy to leave every island he sets foot upon if he thinks he is heading for home. Circe does seem to hold a certain place in Odysseus’ heart, because she is the one he stays with voluntarily and has to be persuaded to leave, but Odysseus leaves the others without a backward glance – ‘with a happy heart’ in fact, in the case of Calypso. Odysseus’s affection and respect for Nausicaa seems to be purely polite and possibly only to suit his own means, or at the most brotherly- he wants the best for her. As for Arete, Odysseus never had affectionate feelings for her. He needs her support to get home, and this is the only reason he shows respect for her, except perhaps because she is a wise woman. Throughout the Odyssey, Odysseus longs for his homeland, and is unable to feel much but grief at his prolonged absence.

Assessment and Learners Essay

4 Understand how to involve learners and others in assessment 4. 1 Explain the importance of involving the learner and others in the assessment process Assessment is all about making judgements. A major argument for involving students in self and peer-assessment is that it helps them to develop the ability to make judgements, in particular about themselves and their work. This is an important life skill as well as an academic one. If an assessor wants to observe a specific piece of evidence but is unable to because maybe it hasn’t occurred in any methods of assessment; this is where it’s important for others to get involved for example the managers or the colleagues. The workers can motivate the learner when the assessor is not around. The workers can act as an expert witness, so when the assessor goes to visit the candidate he/she could provide the assessor with a witness testimony, and this will be put as evidence in the portfolio 4. 2 Summarise types of information that should be made available to learners and others involved in the assessment process Students should be made aware of the criteria in which they will be assessed from the start of the course as well as the forms of assessments that will be used during the process and the length of time it will take. The learners should be given information on what the outcome will be for the different assessments undertaken as well as what qualification is expected on completion of the course. 4. 3 Explain how peer and self-assessment can be used effectively to promote involvement and personal responsibility in the assessment of learning There are many benefits of peer assessment. Students assessing each other’s learning can help the learners to feel supported by their peers. There is also the benefit that the learners may be able to relate more easily with their peers than with a tutor. Peer assessment assists the learners gain confidence and social skills and shares the roles of assessing and being assessed equally between the learners. One suggested peer assessment activity is to have students work in groups, discussing each other’s’ in-class assignments and ways to improve, develop and adapt for improvements providing their peers with peer led feedback and assessment. Self-assessment is a natural progression and grows out of peer assessment. It allows the students to examine their own work and discover strengths and weaknesses for themselves. This can be carried out through reflective practice through a diary of learning or learning log that allows the student to see progression and reflect upon the journey. It’s important to incorporate some aspect of self-assessment every day, if possible, in order for students to take responsibility and interest in their abilities. Another way of using self-assessment is by asking the students to give themselves a grade on the work that they have completed before handing in the work to the marking criteria set, or for student looks at their assignment and marks green for questions that they feels confident about, yellow for questions that they are unsure of and red for questions that will require help. 4. 4 Explain how assessment arrangements can be adapted to meet the needs of individual learners Assessment arrangements can be adapted by allowing the learners to have an element of choice on how the criterion is assessed. This will allow the learners to feel included and means that the tutor is not offering an alternative or necessarily forcing the learner to disclose their lack of understanding or forcing adjustment. An example would be giving all learners the choice of having a Unit assessed either by portfolio or by written examination or by observation. In short, as long as the assessment criteria are being assessed to the same standard, the assessment method can be flexible and should meet the needs of the learners 5 Understand how to make assessment decisions 5. 1 Explain how to judge whether evidence is: sufficient, authentic and current All assessments must be valid, reliable, practicable, and equitable and assessors must apply the standards of assessment uniformly and consistently. . Ensuring assessments are capable of generating sufficient evidence for learners’ to demonstrate that they have met the assessment criteria. Having this process gives the learners clear instructions to the assessments that will be used during the course as well as clear and precise guidelines for completion. It gives both the tutors and the learners the recommended guidelines on how work for the course should be presented and what evidence is required for verification, this in turn allows the tutor and the organisation to map the developments of the learner through the assessment criteria being met. This ensures that all courses awarded are valid and that the course has worked to the set Quality Assurance of the awarding body and organisation; thus being assessed accurately, consistently and fairly to set standards. Sufficient evidence must cover all aspects of the assessment criteria for each unit the learner is seeking to achieve and collect enough evidence to demonstrate knowledge and competence. The learner must be able to show that the work produced is authentic and able to explain and substantiate the evidence the learner has put forward. It is important, therefore, to ensure that any work that the learner submits is only evidence relating to your own performance. Current’ means evidence relating to skills, attitudes and knowledge you can currently demonstrate in relation to the criterion and unit being taught. 5. 2 Explain how to ensure that assessment decisions are: made against specified criteria, valid, reliable and fair The assessor should follow as far as possible the criteria set down in the relevant unit and qualification. All qualifications go through a standardisation process that enables each assessor to consistently make valid decisions; that all assessors make the same decision on the same evidence base and all candidates are assessed fairly. All corresponding evidence from the learner should be reliable in that they have concrete knowledge and skill to back up their evidence. The evidence should be fair in that any leaner will have the same opportunity to complete the assignment.

Melanoma

Breakthroughs in medicine are occurring at a more predictable rate in the 21st century. This is due to technology and also the glut of information that is due to decades of research in the area of biology and medicine. Still, there are some medical conditions and illnesses that still puzzle the medical community and the public. One of these is melanoma a type of cancer.This study will look into the basic definition of this sickness. This paper will also address the current status and future standing of the illness and provide information as to what will be the next possible steps in curing the disease and the future of melanoma treatment.MelanomaThis disease is a type of skin cancer but it is not just an ordinary kind of cancerous growth but it is actually, â€Å"†¦the most serious type of skin cancer† (Melanoma.com, 2007). The main cause of melanoma is too much exposure to ultraviolet radiation such as in the case of sun bathers and those who just crave to have that bron ze look and then go lie under intense UV rays courtesy of tanning booths.This type of disease is prevalent because this is a nation of sun worshippers, meaning people in this country just love to bask under the ultraviolet glow of sunlight just to get that much sought after tan. Now, melanoma is on the rise and the faster growing cancer in the United States of America.It is a serious problem not just because of its frequency but also because it is very aggressive. In fact, â€Å"The median survival of patients is generally limited to 6 t 10 months, and it has not been significantly improved since the 1970s† (University of Michigan Health System, 2007).But according to the National Cancer Institute (â€Å"NCI†) this type of cancer can also occur in the eye and is called intraocular or ocular melanoma (NCI, 2007). But the organ of choice – so to speak – for the disease is the human skin which is the largest organ of the human body. It is not only because of the large surface area but more on the fact that melanoma develops first in the skin cell called melanocytes.Melanocytes are skin cells found in the skin that is in charge in the production of melanin. Melanin’s main purpose is to give skin its color and explains why those who live in different environs e.g. too much sun, have a different skin color than those who only receive minimal amounts of sunlight throughout the year.Another major purpose of melanin is to protect deeper layers of the skin from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet or UV rays. Due to prevalence of the disease in those who love to get deep tan lying motionless in beaches or those frequenting tanning booths there is a consensus that too much exposure to UV light is the major cause of melanoma.When a person spends a considerable amount of time under the sun, melanocytes are worked into a frenzy – they work extra hard to produce melanin. This increased activity when done frequently causes this partic ular cell to suddenly behave abnormally. When this happens, Stage 1 cancer has already occurred. Yet, no one has been able to pinpoint the exact mechanism or the exact chemical process that cause this abnormality. The dermatology research team in the University of Michigan asserts remarked that, â€Å"The identification of the molecular basis of melanoma progression [†¦] are largely unknown† (Soengas, 2007).Current StatusIn the early stages of melanoma, it is highly treatable but there are limited options for those who are already in the advanced stages (Medical News Today, 2007). There are bigger problems when it concerns this illness. Reacting to the aforementioned poor prognosis of those who are in the later stages of the disease, the University of Michigan research team gave the following findings, â€Å"A main contributor to this poor prognosis is an extreme resistance to standard modalities of anticancer treatment, ranging fro immuno, to radiao or chemotherapyâ₠¬  (Soengas, 2007).Future StandingThere are exciting developments though and one could be found in the laboratories of The Wistar Institute, an independent nonprofit biomedical research institution dedicated to discovering the causes and curse for major diseases including cancer. One of their researchers discovered that a substance called peptide exists in approximately 70 percent of melanomas but not in normal cells. Dorothee Herlyn the main proponent of this novel vaccine approach used the peptide to stimulate T cells in the body to attack the melanoma cells. Herlyn found out that a substantial proportion of melanoma patients, about 50 percent have killer T cells responding to the peptide and is very optimistic that in due time this new approach will be able to treat at least one third of all melanoma patients (Medical News Today, 2007).DiscussionAs mentioned earlier there are is still no hard evidence that will point to the exact cause of the disease on the molecular level. So f ar what is ascertain is the fact that too much exposure to UV rays are causing the melanocytes in the skin to grow abnormally and then becomes cancer causing.Prevention of course is better than seeking more expensive and emotionally draining cure especially when it comes to cancer. So experts suggest decreasing the amount of time under the harsh elements of the sun’s rays. Also, there is a serious need to be conscious of protecting one self from ultraviolet rays and this includes sun screen lotions, hats, working under the shade etc.But when cancer has already set in medical professionals are needed on the scene. There are at least four (4) major types of treatment (National Cancer Institute, 2007):Surgery – This includes removing the melanoma or removing cancer cells and some of the normal tissue around it. Lymphadenectomy is also an option wherein the lymph nodes are removed. Skin grafting is also part of this type of treatment.Chemotherapy – Cancer drugs are taken orally or injected into a vein so that it can enter the bloodstream and kill cancer cells. But due to the fact that melanoma is in the skin, basically outside the internal organs of the body this common cancer treatment has to be modified. The technique is called â€Å"hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion† where the flow of blood from the limb is inhibited through the use of tourniquet and thus anticancer drug can be put directly into the blood of the limb.Radiation Therapy – There are two types of radiation therapy – internal and external radiation therapy where the former uses high-energy x-rays while the latter uses radioactive substances sealed in catheters and then placed near the affected areas of the body.Biologic Therapy – This type of therapy finds ways to boos the body’s immune system so that it can fight the disease.There are also new types of treatment being tested in clinical trials. One is the aforementioned radical technique de veloped by Dorothee Herlyn of The Wistar Institute where she was able to coax T killer cells to attack melanoma and what a novel approach indeed.Works CitedMedical News Today. â€Å"Melanoma Research Progress Suggests Optimism for Future Cures.†Available from < http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=45539&nfid=rssfeeds> Accessed [20 April 2007].Melanoma.com. â€Å"What is Melanoma?† Available from Accessed [19 April 2007].Soengas, Maria. â€Å"Molecular Basis of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance.† University

Buddhism1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Buddhism1 - Essay Example Thirdly, I was surprised to learn that Buddhism to a certain extent is a rebel religion. I never thought that it is important to engage the analysis of Hinduism which is the dominant spiritual tradition in the area when it comes to understanding the true meaning of the religion in question. The part of the text which dealt with four noble truths as well as eightfold path was extremely informative for me since it contained a brief summary of the Buddhist teaching and allowed me to learn the fundamental concepts of it in a short period of time. Finally, having read the text, I think that there is a great future ahead Buddhism. Indeed, while other religions are primarily based on some miracles and encourage people to look outside for the answers, Buddhism argues that all the answers are inside. I believe that numerous people around the world would find the tenets of this spiritual tradition quite interesting and will be willing to incorporate it into their

Statement of purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Of purpose - Personal Statement Example I believe that if one were to ask any of my friends to describe me, the first thing that would come to their mind is that I am a proactive, responsible and an ambitious woman. I have always thought that one of my most distinguishing qualities is the positive energy in me. I always try to push things further to get the best out of it. Even when sometimes I thought I failed, I could only look at the failure as another chance to make things even better. In my opinion, my children are what inspires me the most to be this way. Being a mother of five is definitely not an easy task and requires all the skills in the world. I believe I am family oriented. With this firsthand experience, I deem myself well fit for the counseling and psychology field. The skills from my life experiences have given me an opportunity to help people who are faced with various psychological problems. I did my undergraduate studies in social sciences. However, I have always thought of management and leadership to be very important in all aspects of life. It is important in small households as much as it is in big corporations. My grandmother used to say what I always thought of as a great saying, which goes something like â€Å"Governance is the salt of the earth†. I have decided to apply for a MBA degree because I believe it would guide me in the right path and give me the skills that I need to enter the world of business. I have always felt that I have the qualities of a leader, and all I need is the knowledge of how to implement those qualities in favor of the advancement of any business. I believe that the combination of different fields of study with enthusiasm is imperative for counseling. The skills that I have acquired through my experience provide a credible platform for me to study counseling. If I am given the opportunity to pursue this course, I will apply the same determination in completing it to the best of my ability. In my country, Saudi Arabia, there is a big notion