Restaurant Evaluation Free Essays

Burger King Your Name Your School Restaurant Evaluation Walking into a cheap food joint, one hopes to be met by a sweet smell of the delectable nourishments that are very engaging. Considering they should serve clients as quick as could be expected under the circumstances while simultaneously keeping up quality assistance. After entering a drive-thru eatery, one would hope to have a perspective in general spot in a look, with counters just around the corner for clients to make their buy. We will compose a custom article test on Café Evaluation or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now One would likewise hope to discover individuals around helping clients make quick buys just as clearing tables for individuals to eat. Without such quality, a drive-thru eatery can't be acceptable. Burger King is the drive-through eatery I visited a couple of days prior, and luckily didn't baffle my desires; rather, I was astounded by their smooth, quick assistance and scrumptious nourishments just as the café itself. When I entered the café, I was met by the fragrance of flame broiling burgers and different nourishments, which isn't typically the standard in other drive-through joints, where food is generally small scale waved. The inside of the eatery is all around structured, extensive to permit numerous individuals to be served at the counter absent a lot of blockage. Their costs are very much set apart on the menu, which is all around named with pictures that are similarly as appealing as the fragrance. Similarly as their expression proposes, â€Å"Have it your way,† one can request that their cheeseburger be made the manner in which they need. This makes it perfect for everyone instead of normalizing everything to suit all, which is beyond the realm of imagination. For example, when requesting a whopper, you can pick what to be remembered for it to suit your inclination. This makes it a solid point for individuals who need a cheeseburger presented with what they need. Then again, it fills in as a shortcoming since requesting it the manner in which you need takes somewhat more time and this requires persistence. The tables are all around set with enough space among them and beautification is only useful for a drive-through joint. This gives space for individuals to have their supper effectively in less clog. Notwithstanding, this has its shortcoming considering the café is frequented by numerous clients one after another particularly during lunch hour. Numerous individuals may need sitting space yet because of their largely orchestrated tables, they can just furnish a couple with sitting space, compelling individuals to convey their requests, regardless of whether they may not have any desire to. Entering at around 2. 00 P. M. , I was at that point accepting my request how I would have preferred it in under five minutes after bearing from one of the laborers in the café who offered me help with my request. The eatery is very much set with counters deliberately situated to access from any table in their café effortlessly. In the wake of getting my request, finding a table was difficult thinking of it as was as yet a couple of moments from 1 o’clock when numerous individuals are on mid-day break. I requested a Whiplash Whopper that spoke to me, first from its name. I expected very sustenance from it. The sandwich accompanied a whopper meat stacked in it, with hot fresh seared onions, mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato, ketchup, pepper and cheddar. The fixings were even with the meat being standard, new lettuce, and the fresh onions added to the experience. The meat itself was all around flame broiled and delicate however I incline toward it a little crunchy and progressively consumed. Different flavors were on a reasonable parity and I could have adored somewhat more pepper in it just as tomato. The burger was very heavenly and each and every nibble was an encounter not quite the same as different cheeseburgers I have taken. In spite of the fact that not all things be as indicated by my taste, a large portion of what I search for in a cheeseburger was there. Going at $3. 99, it merited the sum and undoubtedly, I am certain I will return again to this café to attempt different nourishments. Burger King has numerous contenders, for example, McDonalds among other drive-through joints claimed by people. The area of the Burger King fills in as the key purpose of having such an office considering the numerous individuals who need to spare as much time as possible. This makes it perfect for individuals working around there, as it is very helpful. This is one of its solid focuses yet in addition its frail point. During the day, since there are numerous individuals working around here, it has numerous clients, however during the night, there are less clients. All in all, the café is well over the guidelines and the food served is heavenly and to exclusive expectations similarly as the eatery itself. In the primary measures of the administration conveyance, the eatery was normal when it went to the sitting region. Everyone realizes that quick nourishments are not required to have open, lavish sitting spaces. Burger King can build their table to suit more individuals. As far as the food served, it is quality and delectable. Since it is an inexpensive food, one anticipates that the food should be anything but difficult to pack or remove since numerous individuals may decide to convey their food. Burger King has accomplished this by preparing their food through flame broiling, which guarantees food doesn't separate when warming not at all like microwave food. At last, its areas serves them well during the day and it is at a hot point. They can just suit more during the day to repay during evening. Instructions to refer to Restaurant Evaluation, Essay models

Ethnic Literature Essay

The term â€Å"ethnic† when related to the word â€Å"literature† in the scholastic talk network of understudies, regularly brings out blended sentiments of energy and fear. From one viewpoint, understudies comprehend that they will escape from the authoritative American writing †which can approach exhausting in their eyes; then again, understudies decipher the term â€Å"ethnic literature† to mean unmistakable †which can rise to befuddling or uncertain †and maybe on occasion not relatable on the grounds that it is outside their extent of encounters. Maybe before hopping into why it is important, the term â€Å"ethnic literature† ought to be characterized first and on the grounds that I am as yet figuring out how to decipher this term myself, I looked for a reasonable one I could concur with. I discovered one of every an article entitled â€Å"Assessing Teachers’ Knowledge of Multi-Ethnic Literature†, and the article really utilized another source themselves to think of a functional, layman’s definition. Ethnic writing as characterized by D. E. Norton (as the article’s source) is, â€Å"Literature about racial or ethnic minority bunches that are socially and socially not quite the same as the white Anglo-Saxon dominant part in the United States, whose to a great extent working class esteems and customs are generally spoken to in American literature† (qtd. in Hager and Thompson 22). I think this definition functions admirably to characterize what ethnic writing is on a surface level, however the more I dive in, I feel that this thought goes a lot further. I asked myself, who can expound on ethnic writing? Can anybody simply get a pen so to talk and recount to a tale about a youthful Japanese kid, or a Hispanic family? Could an African-American author expound on Hispanic or Chinese individuals and guarantee it is ethnic writing? What's more, the response to myself is no. Why? Since except if that African-American has been submersed in the Hispanic or Japanese culture from the hour of youth, how are they going to catch the very pith of being, thinking, and living everyday in that culture? What's more, regardless of whether that African-American had, they would at present in all probability have an alternate point of view from the normal Hispanic or Chinese individual in light of being diverse themselves (I. e dark) and maybe are dealt with various by the network everywhere which adulterates the â€Å"normal† social reasoning. At this more profound level I am attempting to get at, I discover John M. Reilly’s article â€Å"Criticism of Ethnic Literature: Seeing the Whole Story† accommodating in procuring this. He expresses that, â€Å"the declaration of ethnicity in writing can be made uniquely through a methodology by which the essayist settle formal problems†¦ what moves from acknowledgment of personality to formation of a system for dealing with reality despite everything isn't writing until the individual writer continues her or his ethnic character through a grouping of formal choices† (4). I am deciphering this to imply that as a peruser of this writing, I should see and feel all through the story (maybe nuance) that somehow or another, the characters mentality (and maybe activities) in the story contrast from my own particularly due to the way of life they have experienced childhood in, which has formed that character’s thinking. There are contemplations and emotions †thoughts, I don’t comprehend moving along without any more clarification from the creator, which is now and then gave, and some of the time not. A case of this is in Brando Skyhorse’s tale The Madonnas of Echo Park, I end up thinking about what the essentialness of the jacaranda trees referenced in various pieces of the book. Looking into what they are, it gets obvious to me as jacaranda trees are local to Central America †attaches back to their country. The blooms from the trees fall and are dispersed all over the place. Felicia in part 2 expresses that â€Å"there’s no chance escaping from them† (25). Essentially meaning, you can't get away from what your identity is and where you originate from. I would not have comprehended this had I not investigated the historical backdrop of that tree to reveal the importance in the book. Another model is in Seventeen Syllables in the story â€Å"Seventeen Syllables†. The tale about a Japanese family is anything but difficult to peruse, however is difficult to interface with as I don’t share similar methods of reasoning about a woman’s place in the Japanese culture. A particular case in the story was when Mrs. Hayashi, Rosie’s mother got her the primary spot prize for her heavenly Haiku. At the point when the man from the paper gave her a bundle, Mrs. Hayashi, expressing she realized it was unconventional, inquired as to whether she may open it since she was exceptionally inquisitive. (Yamamoto 17). Now, I am contemplating internally, â€Å"I don’t get it †why wouldn’t she open it? † however upon reflection, I considered the male centric culture that is predominant in this culture, and maybe it is the wife’s commitment to counsel or have the spouse open the blessing, regardless of whether it isn't explicitly for him. One more model is in Oscar Wao by Junot Diaz. To come explicitly to the point, I don't comprehend this thought of why it is comprehended that Dominican men should be these â€Å"manly men† that ladies rush to and fall on their knees for. That the sexual craving alongside intrinsic feeling of allure from Dominican men is normal, and when it’s lacking, it doesn’t go unnoticed. â€Å"Anywhere else his triple-zero batting normal with the women may have gone without remark, yet this is a Dominican child we’re discussing, in a Dominican family: buddy should have Atomic Level G, should pull in the bitches with both hands† (24). For what reason is this thought so influenced in this culture as per the book? This is maybe something I will never comprehend, then again, actually it is a piece of their way of life. These models are for the most part great and well, yet the significant inquiry is the reason is ethnic writing significant? What can be picked up from understanding it? From a most essential perspective, it is a profoundly compelling vehicle for helping individuals get themselves and their general surroundings. Thompson and Hager in their article express that, â€Å"multi-ethnic writing mirrors and approves the encounters for minority gatherings and compares the acquainted with the less recognizable for standard children† (22). At the end of the day, through perusing ethnic writing, perusers can discover approaches to associate with others around them that are unique. The article likewise expresses that when perusers are presented to unique musings, language designs, esteem frameworks, and various methods of living, that it can open up mindfulness about others and make sympathy and comprehension towards them that probably won't have occurred without the scholarly introduction (23). To summarize everything, I will never contend against the guidance of ethnic writing in the school setting. Truth be told, I figure instructing it should start directly from the earliest starting point in kindergarten, and maybe one day we won’t need the assigned term â€Å"ethnic literature† †maybe one day it can simply be â€Å"American Literature† and part of the standard American group of writing. Works Cited Diaz, Junot. The Brief and Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. New York: Penguin, 2007. Print. Reilly, John. M. â€Å"Criticism of Ethnic Literature: Seeing the Whole Story†. Basic Approaches to Ethnic Literature. 5. 1 (1978): 2-13. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. Skyhorse, Brando. The Madonnas of Echo Park. New York: Free Press, 2010. Print. Thompson, Deborah L. furthermore, Jane Meeks Hager. â€Å"Assessing Teachers’ Knowledge of Multi-Ethnic Literature†. Yearbook of the American Reading Forum. 1990. 21-29. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. Yamamoto, Hisaye. Seventeen Syllables. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2001. Print.

Word of the Week! Autumnal Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Autumnal Richmond Writing Perhaps, by the time this post runs, the weather will match the season.  Yet we do have a lovely word of the week, one often used quite metaphorically. Solidly in the realm of the humanities, our word can imply middle age, as in during my autumnal years, I plan to take up fly fishing. We thereby imply someone past her or his prime, then, and the OED notes how in this sense autumnal is often negative. Personally, I find the word to be wistful rather than pejorative. Perhaps thats just me and my next-to-favorite season (right after Winter). I do not often hear vernal used in a similar way.   In terms of etymology,  The OED Online takes us back to the 15th Century for both autumn and our adjective, borrowings from Latin. Students might use our word and end up sounding pretentious. I suspect it is best left for creative writing or in its literal sense of something pertaining to the Fall season, such as the autumnal equinox or My old grade school will host its Oktoberfest this weekend, an autumnal ritual ever since my childhood. My hope is that all of us will experience autumnal weather soon this year and in the decades ahead.  Our currently endless summer fills me with dread. Please nominate a word or metaphor useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Words of the Week  here. Image of New Hampshire forest courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

Kfc Marketing Strategies - 20155 Words

Click on one of the questions below to learn more. How much will I pay in royalties and advertising? What fees will I pay when I become a KFC franchisee? Initial Franchise Fee = Monthly Service Fee (Royalties) = Advertising = $45,000 (if you open a KT multi-brand restaurant, the fees will be $75,000) 5 percent (5%) of Gross Sales 5 percent (5%) of Gross Sales (Includes national and local contributions) The above amounts do not include the initial investment required to construct the restaurant building, training expenses, grand opening expenses or opening inventory. Please refer to the KFC Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD), Item 7, for more in-depth information on the total investment. How long will it take to†¦show more content†¦Key holders of the restaurant could include the franchisee, an Above Store Leader, Restaurant General Manager or Assistant Manager. Training ranges from eight to ten weeks (depending on the unit to be opened) and is conducted both centrally in Louisville, KY and in certified training stores. There is a fee for the training and the Franchisee is responsible for all costs incurred including travel and lodging of the management team. Do you have a quality assurance program? Who enforces quality? KFC monitors quality using a variety of programs. One is a customer based shopper program where restaurants receive customer feedback on their store experience. Secondly, food safety audits are conducted by a third party service to ensure that food safety standards are met at the store level. Finally, the company conducts CFF Standards Audits in store and feedback is given to the operators regarding execution excellence. Franchisees are required to meet certain operating standards as part of their franchise agreement. Will I be required to use specific accounting service software at my restaurant? KFC’s FDD describes the type of electronic cash register system and software requirements to be used in the restaurant. It is strongly recommended that you use the KFC supported MERIT back-of-house operating platform. You must prepare and keep detailed records regarding allShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy of Kfc4922 Words   |  20 PagesPreface This report focus on KFC marketing strategies, its marketing environment , demographicfactor ,marketing factors. We designed a report to provide a brief description about itsmarketing mix its major competitors in Pakistan. We also discuss four P’s of marketing their marketing tools.In addition to it, this report includes a research base survey on KFC. We all have triedour level best to fulfill all the requirements mentioned to us. Now its depend upon thereader to read it carefully andRead MoreMarketing Strategy for Kfc5183 Words   |  21 PagesIntroduction. 2 Market Analysis for KFC. 5 THREATS OF KFC IN MAURITIUS. 18 Opportunities to develop and create the following in Mauritius. 20 Reasons for KFC to go overseas. 26 PESTEL Analysis. 26 Competitors Actions. 29 THE problem that KFC is facing. 29 Strategies developed to overcome the crisis. 30 New Strategies that can be adopted for the Relaunching of KFC products. 31 References. 34 Introduction. Kentucky Fried Chicken, better known as KFC, is the largest chicken restaurant chainRead MoreKfc Marketing Strategy in Mauritius2103 Words   |  9 Pages INTRODUCTION KFC Corporation, based in Louisville, Kentucky, is the world’s most popular chicken restaurant chain, specializing in Original Recipe ®, Extra Crispy ®, Kentucky Grilled Chickenâ„ ¢ and Original Recipe Strips with home-style sides, Honey BBQ Wings, and freshly made chicken sandwiches. 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KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN Harland David Sanders was born SeptemberRead MoreA comparison of KFC and McDonald’s marketing strategy in China: Localization or Globalization3315 Words   |  14 Pagesï » ¿A comparison of KFC and McDonald’s marketing strategy in China: Localization or Globalization Abstract McDonald’s is the greatest fast food chain in the world, its company sales and operate income was largely exceeded KFC on a global scale, but it confronted a strong challenge from KFC when it emerged into China. This essay analyzes the comparison between KFC and McDonald’s marketing strategy, emphases on finding the similarities and differentiations from â€Å"Seven P Formula† and finally makesRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of A Competitive Market Environment Strategies Adopted By Marketers883 Words   |  4 Pagescompetitive market environment strategies adopted by marketers to advertise products and services are crucial. 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Therefore, they can influenceRead MoreMarket Strategy for Kfc Japan1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarket Strategy/ Focus Marketing strategy is a method of focusing an organizations energies and resources on a course of action which can lead to increased sales and dominance of a targeted market niche. A marketing strategy combines product development, promotion, distribution, pricing, relationship management and other elements; identifies the firms marketing goals, and explains how they will be achieved, ideally within a stated timeframe. Marketing strategy determines the choice of target marketRead MoreKFC China and its Marketing1525 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Case Study 2 Introduction KFC China is a quick service restaurant that’s has dominated the local fast-food market. Marketing has significantly contributed to its success. This report covers KFC-China’s current localized marketing strategy consisting of product, promotion price and placement strategies. It will also discuss the potential issues that may affect business operations in the near future, these include; increasing costs, emerging seniors market, economic slowdown and supplier issuesRead MoreKfc - the Best Fast-Food Restaurant1114 Words   |  5 PagesXuà ¢n Luà ¢n: 100035 [pic] 1. Why is KFC famous? Kentucky Fried Chicken, better known as KFC, is the largest chicken restaurant KFC is an internationally fast food industry in the world. KFC began with Colonel Harland Sanders, in America in the year 1939. They have the main ambition to increase maintain the quality in fast food industry. Their aim is to capture the fast food market. Every day, more than 12 million customers are served at KFC restaurants in 109 countries and territories

University of Wyoming Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

The University of Wyoming is a land-grant university with an acceptance rate of 96%. The main campus is located in Laramie, Wyoming, just north of the border with Colorado. Undergraduates can choose from 80 areas of study across the universitys eight schools and colleges. The University of Wyomings strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned the school a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa. In athletics, the Wyoming Cowboys and Cowgirls compete in the NCAA Division I  Mountain West Conference. Considering applying to University of Wyoming? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, University of Wyoming had an acceptance rate of 96%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 96 students were admitted, making UW less competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 5,293 Percent Admitted 96% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 37% SAT Scores and Requirements University of Wyoming requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 37% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 530 640 Math 520 640 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of University of Wyomings admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to University of Wyoming scored between 530 and 640, while 25% scored below 530 and 25% scored above 640. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 520 and 640, while 25% scored below 520 and 25% scored above 640. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1280 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at UW. Requirements University of Wyoming does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that UW does not superscore SAT results; your highest composite SAT score will be considered. ACT Scores and Requirements University of Wyoming requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 75% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 21 28 Math 20 27 Composite 22 28 This admissions data tells us that most of University of Wyomings admitted students fall within the top 37% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to UW received a composite ACT score between 22 and 28, while 25% scored above 28 and 25% scored below 22. Requirements Note that University of Wyoming does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. UW does not require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average GPA of University of Wyomings incoming freshmen class was 3.50, and over 58% had average GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to University of Wyoming have primarily A and high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Wyoming Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to University of Wyoming. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances University of Wyoming, which accepts over 95% of applicants, has a slightly selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. However, University of Wyoming is also looking for students who have completed a high school success curriculum of challenging  college preparatory courses  which include four years of English, Math, and Science; three years of social science; and four years of a combination of foreign language, fine arts, performing arts, or career and vocational courses. UW has fixed admissions requirements, and students with an average GPA of 3.0 or above in the required high school success curriculum, as well as a 21 or higher on the ACT, or 1060  or higher on the SAT (ERWM) will be eligible under the fixed admissions program. Students with lower GPAs and test scores are considered under UWs Admission with Support process. Applicants submitted under the admission with support program will be required to complete the universitys Bridge Program the summer before their fall enrollment. In the graph above, the green and blue dots represent students who were admitted to the University of Wyoming. As you can see, the great majority of accepted students had a high school GPA of B- or better, an ACT composite score of 19 or higher, and a combined SAT score (ERWM) of 1000 or better. A few applicants were admitted with grades and scores below these lower ranges, but a significant percentage of applicants had grades in the A range. If You Like University of Wyoming, You May Also Like: Oregon State UniversityWashington State UniversityUniversity of MichiganUniversity of OregonStanford UniversityUC BerkeleyUCLA All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and University of Wyoming Undergraduate Admissions Office.

The State of Florida Free Essays

The State of Florida has a professional body that implements the legislations that pertain to the practice of mental health counseling in the state. The Florida Board of Clinical Social Work, Marriage Family Therapy Mental Health Counseling award licenses to mental health professionals who seek to practice in the state of Florida. The board determines whether the educational credentials, training and experience of the applicant pass the standards and requirements set by the board and the legislated regulation of mental health professionals. We will write a custom essay sample on The State of Florida or any similar topic only for you Order Now The board also has the authority to suspend and revoke licenses when the professional has been found to have committed actions which violates the ethical guidelines identified by the board. According to the State of Florida’s statute of clinical counseling and psychotherapy (State of Florida, 2007), the legislation of regulating and professions and occupations prevents the unqualified mental health professionals from practicing in Florida and protects the public from poorly trained professionals who may become threat to the health and well-being of the public. The state has recognized that the quality of life at present has been undergoing changes and that emotional and psychological health is directly related to physical health. It is presumed that the public needs qualified mental health professionals who could provide services to the public in order to maintain their mental health, thus qualified professionals should be given the recognition and authority to engage in legitimate practice. Becoming a duly licensed mental health professional would imply that the state recognizes one’s ability and skills and the public would be assured that they will be getting quality care. The state categorizes the mental health professionals according to clinical social work, marriage and family therapy and mental health counseling. The distinctions are made to clearly identify the area of specialization and clientele of the said professions, although a dual license is available for those who are qualified to practice in two of the three categories. The licensure requirements for mental health counseling are different for students who have undergone training in a Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) accredited institutions and for non-CACREP institutions. Aside from the completion of a master’s degree in mental health related courses, the applicant must also have about 2 years of post-master’s experience in the field of counseling under a licensed supervisor. The non-CACREP graduate must satisfy the required hours and units to meet the required instruction and training on counseling theories and practice, human growth and development; diagnosis and treatment of psychopathology; human sexuality, group theories and practice, individual evaluation and assessment, career and lifestyle assessment, research and program evaluation, social and cultural foundations, counseling in community settings and substance abuse and in ethical, legal and professional standards (floridashealth.com). The requirements for licensing in social work and marriage and family therapy also specifies the hours and units of graduate work and courses in the specific field. An integral requirement is the completion of the internship hours under a certified supervisor in the said specialization. With this in mind, I found that the university curriculum matches the required training and education that the state licensing asks for and I was happy to note that the university is also CACREP accredited indicating that I just need to complete all the required courses and practicum and I can probably apply for the licensure. At present I have no plans of pursuing a doctoral degree in mental health counseling, I think I am more inclined to finish this master’s degree at the moment. I am 43 years old and I have 3 kids which mean that I do not have the energy to go through another 3 years for the doctoral degree. However, I am still open to the idea if after this degree I might change my mind and get that Ph.D. References Florida Board of Clinical Social Work, Marriage Family Therapy Mental Health Counseling (2004). floridashealth.com Retrieved October 17, 2007 from http://www.doh.state.fl.us/mqa/491/index.html 2007 Florida Statutes, Chapter 491 Clinical and Counseling and Psychotherapy Services, Retrieved October 17, 2007 from http://www.flsenate.gov/Statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_StatuteSearch_String=URL=Ch0491/SEC002.HTMTitle=-%3E2007-%3ECh0491-%3ESection%20002#0491.002 Â   Â   Â   How to cite The State of Florida, Essay examples

More to the Eye free essay sample

I glared at him as he strolled into the room. This man, this man who was taller than anything that I had ever seen, with a full beard the color and shine of coal, just smiled at me. He had a baby-face but strength and authority oozed out with each step he took towards me. He did not understand the intense hatred I had for him. Nor did he understand that the same glare I was directing towards him was the same one I had received from my cousins and aunts when they found out that we would be moving. He must have taken my quietness as being shy; in reality, I was boiling with hurt and confusion. I looked to the right at the beautiful, strong woman that admired him with twinkling eyes, my mother. They might have thought that being together would make me happy, but I was most happy living with her alone. We will write a custom essay sample on More to the Eye or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I did not want him here. I did not want my father in my life. My mother grew up with seven other siblings in Dominica. She had me at the tender age of twenty-three and when I was three years old, we came to America to live with my grandmother. My mom had plenty of jobs, including working at Boston Market. I idolized her in those days. Though I did not know my father, my mother made sure that she did everything she could to give me the best that she could. She worked long, hard hours, but still came home every night with a smile; it may have been a weak one, but it was always there. We lived in my grandmother’s home, a little apartment with four small bedrooms and a single bathroom. There were a total of ten of us living in her house, and I can honestly say that those were the best years of my life. I remember my five cousins and I playing tag in the dark on our street while the grownups sat on the porch laughing at us. There was no judgment and we truly made the best out of our sticky situations. A lot of people do not know that it was not until about the age eight or nine that I met my father for the first time. People see my family now and think that because my mother and father are together, they have always been together. My father had missed some of the biggest moments of my life and then he waltzed into it, pushing everyone else out. I remember moving away from all my family when he came into my life and I hated him for that. My favorite cousin would never come over to play with me after I moved and I knew that it was because of him because she now saw me as someone else. She could no longer relate to me because of this man who became a wedge between me and my sanctuary. I had lost my best friend. School eventually became my best friend. I buried my head in homework, projects, and any other scholarly activities, including Steppingstone, MIT, Upward Bound and numerous additional pre-collegiate programs. I became distant with my family, not attending family functions and avoiding conversations. This ultimately caused me to distance myself from kids at school. They would quickly jump to conclusions about me, and say that I was rude; in reality, I did not know what to say to them. They would see the clothes I wore and call me rich; they would see my handwriting and say I’m spoiled; they would look at my long hair and ask, â€Å"Where are you from?† only to use my answer against me. They would not understand that Dominica is such a small island that they would barely be able to see it on a map. It was as if my family pushed me into a place I was always destined to be, because even though they had judged me and made me feel badly for what my mother and I had, I still love them and I still hope that they will accept me for me one day. I learned that I should not be ashamed nor embarrassed for what I have because everyone else in my life does not have it. I have found that love for my father. I thank them for changing me into a better person, for opening my eyes to such spiteful hatred and ignorance, and lastly because they taught me that the phrase â€Å"You should not judge a book by its cover† is not true. Everyone judges a book by its cover and frankly we all should, but I am not a book. I am a human being and there is so much more to me than meets the eye. I now see that I am in charge of my own future. For the time being I have a story to tell and hopefully, if fate is on my side, after attending this school I will have many more stories to share.

Informative Guide on How to Write a Quality Book Review

You have probably read a reasonably good share of books, both good and bad. However, there is so much more than just reading. You are also expected to offer other potential readers with insight into its worth. Now the question is â€Å"Are you confident in writing an excellent book review?† More students find themselves in the same situation you are in now. However, this should not be a hindrance to ace that book review assignment. For most students, a book review may seem to be a simple matter of just reading and summarizing a book. However, you will find that it is not that cut and dry. Reviews are written for some reasons; however, they all have a common objective, i.e., to provide other readers with meaningful and truthful insight about whether or not a book is worth reading. Therefore, if you enjoyed a book or wish to help people to avoid it like the plague, a book review is the best way to go about it. What Is Book Review? Definition and Instructions A review can be considered as an evaluation or analysis of phenomena, activities, events, or text and can be conducted on a wide variety of different sources of information: it is a form of criticism whereby a book is scrutinized. An example of a book review is whereby you are expected to provide commentary on the overall quality of the book’s content not just a summary of the central theme. However, before reading any book with the intention to review it, you should consider: The title – This is your first insight into what the book is about The introduction or preface provides useful information about the author and the book’s scope. Contents (if any) – Shows the organization and flow of the book’s ideas Elements to Consider When Learning How to Write a Good Book Review Typically, reviews are not lengthy pieces of writing, but they still need to be succinct. While different studies may have varied tones, styles, and subjects, they even share some similar features: Provides the reader with an accurate recollection of the book’s content. Offers a critical evaluation of the content based on your reaction and whether or not it was enjoyable to read. The quality of the review is determined by how potential readers receive it. The review should account for the fact that every person has his/ her preferences on likes and dislikes. An excellent book review should focus on the content of the book and not on the author. The book review should not give away the book’s plot Guide on How to Start a Book Review As previously discussed, a book review should be more than just a book summary and, you should have complete control over the entire process. Also, regardless of the type of writing you may be tasked with, it is always better to capture the readers attention right from the first paragraph. To start your review, you should ensure you can hook the readers attention and maintain their level of interest throughout the review. Also, when starting your review, you should begin by asking the reader a question to provoke their contribution on the subject matter or select a title that has a dash of drama. Next, you have to provide a brief outline of the theme of your book review. This section draws a guideline from the hook, whereby it expounds on it by providing just the right amount of information to keep the reader intrigued. The final step, when starting your book review is formulating your thesis statement if need be. How to Structure a Book Review Like a Professional Do not despair when your first attempt at writing your book review does not go well. Writing is a process that requires patience and practice to achieve the desired level of skill to write a book review without professional help. But since you are here to learn how to write a review; the most crucial element is its structure. Excellent book review structure could be the deciding factor between your success or failure. A flawlessly structured review should have clearly defined organization of ideas. They include: An introduction A body A conclusion Writing an Attractive Book Review Introduction Owing to the fact, most reviews are brief and to the point and the introduction is characterized by a charming anecdote or a memorable quip that succinctly puts across your arguments. However, it is not set in stone, each review has its unique introduction, and you can follow the guide below for best results: Write an introductory statement Provide a brief introduction to the topic of the review Introduce the main argument Develop a thesis statement for the review What a Book Review Body Should Encompass The body of your review is the section that you are required to explain the main ideas and arguments of your paper, which is usually the longest part of the evaluation. To write the body, you need to write down your main ideas starting with the most significant ones. Under each point, provide information supported by references from the book you are reviewing as well as other external sources of information. The basic outline of a body paragraph should be: Main idea/ argument Elaboration of the argument Supporting information Summary statement Finalize with a Good Book Review Conclusion When writing your review conclusion, you should restate your thesis statement and sum-up your main points. Also, you should remember not to introduce new information at this point in the writing process. You should end your book reviews with a closing statement that summarized your take on the book’s theme and recommend it to potential readers who are likely to appreciate the book. Nonetheless, when you find yourself without enough time to handle your book review assignment, we can deliver a high-quality review for you from scratch. Place your order now.

Abortion the Issue.-(Parallelism) Essays

Abortion the Issue.-(Parallelism) Essays Abortion the Issue.-(Parallelism) Essay Abortion the Issue.-(Parallelism) Essay Abortion Speech Abortion is the deliberate killing of the weakest and most defenseless among us. Unfortunately, the last few decades, the practice has been recognized as a fundamental human right. The act of abortion should be illegal. We cannot keep murdering innocent lives, we cannot keep telling society that it is within their power or right and we cannot keep ignoring the issue. -(parallelism). Abortion is the return of an unwanted gift. -(metaphor). Abortion is wrong for many reasons. The major problem is when the act of an abortion is performed, another child, another human, who could change the future and even make the world a better place, is brutally killed. Our society should be responsible for protecting all life, not destroying it. There are always cases of women who just don’t want their baby, or can’t care for them. If someone doesn’t want their baby or cant care for their child, there is always adoption. There are families out there that can’t have children, so the logical thing to do would be to give their baby to someone who wants them. However, there are some cases that involve rape and or harm to the baby, the mother, or both. In some cases, they should still consider adoption. I would rather say, â€Å"I gave my baby away to have a better life† than say, â€Å"I killed my baby for selfish reasons†. Abortion is not legal or illegal because of the Roe vs. Wade case, but that still doesn’t make it right. – (historical allusion) Abortion symbolizes the bleeding of the heart. -(symbolism). As directed by the top 10, abortion is as wrong and in humane as murder. (biblical allusion and simile). They are killing away a baby from their mistakes. They are throwing away life, something so precious that women who can’t have children envy them. Once they murder their baby, they will have that blood on their hands forever. I will not stop fighting until abortion is illegal. I will not stop fighting until all abortion clinics are shut down. (repetition). How would you feel if you later regrett ed the destruction of your baby and you knew it wasn’t their fault?

Insure your life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Insure your life - Essay Example In this paper, importance of education will be discussed by comparing the lifestyle of two guys one of whom studies and the other runs away from studies. Two guys grew up together in the same neighborhood. One of them had a fight in school and he went to jail because of it. He completed studying his middle school in the jail. After two years, he came out of the jail. He tried to continue his high school but was not given admission because of his certificate from the jail. He got a job as a car cleaner for a while. Later, he got a better job as a driver. He worked hard and was improving. Now he has contract as a Director in Government’s Relations department in one of the biggest contract companies and is getting a very good salary. He got married and had children, but the children feel guilty because their father lacks good skills. Now his life is in risk since he has no certificate and the contract will expire one day. The other guy finished his high school in Saudi Arabia and went to the United States to complete his university. He had a hard time at the beginning because of the new culture. He faced troubles like Ashley Wagner who was also fearing because of studying in unfamiliar school (Wagner 317). He also had to learn a new language. He spent his time at the library and asked other students for help if he did not understand anything. He studied hard and got good grades in school. He went back to Saudi Arabia with full happiness. He made his family proud of him. He wasn’t happy that he left his friends in the United States. He got a job for the Saudi government with special offers like free house, car, gas, health insurance, best salary. He got married to a beautiful woman and got kids. Every vacation, he goes back to the U.S to show his kids his university and tells them that he will send them to study there so that they become like him. He has the best job. He is working. In the start, the first guy ran away from studies and spent time play ing with friends and wasting time in video games but the second guy studied hard and used all his time in studies. The way they spent time before is now affecting their lifestyles. â€Å"Years from now, when all the junk [first guy] got is broken and long forgotten, [second guy will] still have your stars† (Walls 41). The difference between them is that who has degree has comfortable lifestyle but the other one is nervous, stressed and has put himself and his family in the risk. In my personal opinion, the second guy bought insurance for his complete life by working hard in his childhood. He not only kept his parents, teachers, brothers and sisters happy when he was little, he is also keeping his wife, sons and daughters happy now. All the time, he kept people happy by studying but the first guy always teased his parents. His parents did not like him because he wasted time and went to jail. Then, he was not given admission because of his jail certificate. This was big failure and very embarrassing. After that, he was looking for jobs and everybody was saying no to him. Now he has a job but the contract will expire. What will he do after that? Maybe he will ask his parents for money again like a child. After comparing the life of both guys, I conclude that to live a happy good life always, you have to work hard, get a degree and do the job. It is good to go outside your country to study because of good university. After studying, one can get a very good job, get married and live a very good life

Engineering Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Engineering Ethics - Essay Example Today, France generates about 70% of its electricity with an array of nuclear plants that come in only three sizes: small, medium, and large. In fact, their plants make so much electricity that France is the largest net exporter of electric power in the world. And modular, standardized construction practices are a large part of why the French nuclear effort has been such a success† (Kayde, 2011). Modular practices make it harder to produce dual-use materials or turn waste into weaponry. France's engineers created a moral result through engineering. Is smart nuclear power ethical? Some people think it isn't, no matter how smart. But it seems to really stretch believability that nuclear power is always by definition a bad thing. Is it really worse than coal? Is it so much worse that there is never a reason to use it over coal? Engineers working on smarter nuclear solutions is moral even when many activists are opposed to nuclear power as a matter of course. But there is another p oint to make. Morality must always be adjudicated based not just on consequences but on the innate character of the acts and the virtues of the person involved. One problem with consequentialist, utilitarian perspectives is that they tend to allow people to justify flawed solution A over B without ever trying to think of good solution C, something deontological ethics prevents by favoring the status quo.

Conventional Sensors and Optical Fiber Sensors

Conventional Sensors and Optical Fiber Sensors ABSTRACT This study deals with the comparison of the two types of sensors which are widely used in civil engineering, namely, conventional sensors and optical fiber sensors. Temperature and displacement are the two principal parameters which are measured with the aid of Fiber optic sensors. Bragg Grating, Interferometric, Intensity Sensors, and optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) are some of the techniques which are used for sensing. In this study, various case studies have been undertaken and have been analyzed. With the aid of these case studies, a detailed analysis and comparison of the sensors is carried out. Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION In the last two decades, the world has witnessed a revolution in the sectors of optoelectronics and fiber optic communications. Various products such as laser printers and bar code scanners which have become a part of our daily usage, are a result of this technical revolution only. The reasons for the phenomenal growth of the fiber optics are many. The most conspicuous reason being the ability of the fiber optics to provide high performance and highly reliable communication links and that too at a very low bandwidth cost. As we see that optoelectronic and fiber communications industry has progressed a lot, and along with these industries fiber optic sensors have also benefited a lot from these developments. Due to the mass production in these industries, availability of fiber optic sensors at a low cost has been made possible in recent years. With their availability at affordable costs, fiber optic sensors have been able to enter the domain which was otherwise being ruled by the trad itional sensors. In recent years, the demand for the development of new materials to strengthen, upgrade and retrofit existing aged and deteriorated concrete structures has increased rapidly. The continuing deterioration and functional deficiency of existing civil infrastructure elements represents one of the most significance challenges facing the worlds construction and civil engineers. Deficiencies in existing concrete structures caused by initial flawed design due to insufficient detailing at the time of construction, aggressive chemical attacks and ageing of structural elements enhance an urgent need of finding an effective means to improve the performance of these structures without additionally increasing the overall weight, maintenance cost and time. In the last 50 years, a large number of civil concrete structures have been built; many of these structures, particularly in off-shore regions have now deteriorated and require repair in a short period of time. Moreover, the increase of traffic volume and population in many developing countries is causing the demand to upgrade existing concrete structures to increase. The damage of reinforced concrete (RC) structures through reinforcement corrosion and residual capacity are the most important issues that concern engineers. These problems occur not only in constructed concrete structures but also in structures strengthened by externally bonded steel reinforcements. In the past, the external steel plate bonding method has been used to improve strength in the tensile region of concrete structures with an epoxy adhesive and has proved to be successful over a period of 20 years. However, the use of steel reinforced plates and bars has its disadvantages including high corrosion rates, which could adversely affect the bond strength and cause surface spalling of the concrete, due to volumetric change in the corroded steel reinforcements. Since the early 1980s, fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials have been used as a replacement for conventional steel materials for concrete strengthening applications. In recent years, the interest in utilizing FRP materials in the civil concrete industry in forms of rods, plates, grid and jacket has grown increasingly. When an FRP plate with high tensile strength properties bonds on the concrete surface, it can strengthen the structure with minimum changes to its weight and dimensions. FRP offers substantial improvement in solving many practical problems that conventional materials cannot solve to provide a satisfactory service life of the structure. Unlike the conventional steel materials, FRP is corrosion resistant. The beneficial characteristics of using the FRP in concrete construction include its high strength-to-weight ratio, low labour requirement, ease of application, reduced traffic interruption during repair, cost reductions in both transportation and in situ maintenance for a long-term strategy. Its high damping characteristic also attracts more structural engineers to use these materials for seismic retrofitting. Due to the increasing use of FRP-plate bonding techniques in strengthening civil concrete structures, the interest in finding a suitable means of monitoring the structural health conditions of these strengthened structures has therefore increased substantially. Since strengthened structures are covered by the FRP plates, the mechani cal properties of the concrete may not be measured or detected easily through conventional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods, such as strain measurements using surface mounted strain gauges or extensometers, radiography, thermography and acoustic emission methods, particularly in areas with microcracks and debonds underneath the externally-bonded plate. Besides, these structural inspection technologies, in certain cases, require special surface preparations or a high degree of flatness in the concrete surface. These requirements may be hard to achieve, particularly for an area that is exposed to a harsh environment. During the 1990s, a multi-disciplinary field of engineering known as Smart Structures has developed as one of the most important research topics in the field.The structure is formed by a marriage of engineering materials with structurally-integrated sensor systems. The system is capable of assessing damage and warning of impending weakness in the structural integrity of the structure. Fibre-optic sensor technology is a most attractive device currently used in the aerospace and aircraft industry for on-line monitoring of large-scale FRP structures. The development of distributed fibreoptic sensors, which provides information on a large number of continuously distribution parameters such as strain and temperature is of great interest in most engineering applications.11,12 The sensors are embedded into a structure to form a novel self-strainmonitoring system, i.e. the system can self-detect its health status and send response signals to operators during any marginal situation during service. The embedding sensor, due to its extremely small physical size, can provide the information to a high accuracy and resolution without influencing the dimension and mechanical properties of the structure. Fibre-optic sensors present a number of advantages over the conventional strain measuring devices: (a) providing an absolute measurement that is sensitive to fluctuation in irradiance of the illuminating source; (b) enabling the measurement of the strain in different locations in only one single optical fibre by using multiplexing techniques;(c) having a low manufacturing cost for mass production; and (d) its ability to be embedded inside a structure without influencing the mechanical properties of the host material. A new development of Smart materials and structures was driven by a strong demand for high performance over recent years. A system integrated into structures and being able to monitor its hosts physical and mechanical properties such as temperature and strain, during service is appreciated as a Smart structural health monitoring system. The term smart material and structure is widely used to describe the unique marriage of material and structural engineering by using fibre-optic sensors and actuation control technology. The smart structure is constructed of materials that can continuously monitor their own mechanical and physical properties, and thereby, be capable of assessing damage and warning of impending weakness in structural integrity. This design concept results in improved safety and economic concerns regarding the weight saving and avoidance of over-designing of the structure in the long run. In Fig. 1, a schematic illustration of the structures possibilities created by the confluence of the four disciplines is shown. In the figure, a structure invested with actuating, sensing and neutral networking systems to form a new class of adaptive structures is shown. A structure with integrated sensor or actuator systems is able to provide a self-structural health monitoring or actuating response, respectively. If both systems are integrated together into a structure, the sensor and actuators can act as nervous and muscular systems, like a human body, to sense the conditions such as mechanical strain and temperature of the structure (a smart structure) and to provide control of such changes of stiffness, shape and vibration mode (a controlled structure). The combination of these two systems into one structure is called a Smart adaptive structure. This structure with a built-in neural networking system, like a brain, is then able to self evaluate the conditions, which are based on changes of structural parameters, thermal conditions and ambient environments to give an appropriate mechanical adjustment. This structure is commonly called an Intelligent adaptive structure. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY There has been an unprecedented development in the fields of optoelectronics and fiber optic communications. This in turn, has brought about a revolution in the sectors of telecommunication and various other industries. This has been made possible with the aid of high performance and reliable telecommunication links which have low bandwidth cost. Optical fibers have numerous advantages and some disadvantages. The advantages include their small size, resistance to electromagnetic interference and high sensitivity. On the other hand, some of its disadvantages are their high cost and unfamiliarity to the end user. But its great advantages completely overshadow its minor disadvantages. So, in this study an attempt is being made to compare the modern age fiber optic sensors with the conventional sensors. Also, with the aid of the case studies, the impact of fiber optic sensor technology on monitoring of civil structures is studied (McKinley and Boswell 2002). 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT In the past various kinds of sensors have been used in civil engineering for measuring temperature, pressure, stress, strain etc. And as the optical fiber sensors spread their wings, the civil engineering is bound to gain a lot from these modern sensors. Presently, there exist a number of problems with the existing civil infrastructures. These civil infrastructures such as bridges etc. have a pretty long service period which may amount to several decades or maybe even hundred years. Thus, during this time period, these structures suffer from corrosion, fatigue and extreme loading. Since concrete is used mostly in these civil infrastructures, it degradation is a major issue all over the world. The amount of degradation and the time when the degradation starts depends on various factors and is inevitable and unavoidable. Thus, in order to keep these civil structures in good condition, it becomes necessary that their condition be monitored and adequate steps be taken. Thus, we need sensors which can monitor these structures throughout the life of these structures. Thus, in this study the impact of fiber optic sensors is studied on civil structures. 1.3 OBJECTIVES There are a few objectives that are planned to be achieved at the end of this project, these are: A general discussion on the present state of structural monitoring and the need of fiber optic sensors in this field A general study on Comparison between Conventional Sensors and Optical Fiber Sensors Review of Case Studies on Fiber Optic Sensors application in Civil Engineering Structures 1.4 WORK PLAN Discussion, reading and observation Problem identification through reading, discussion and observation of the area studied Understand and identify the background of problem Studying feasibility and needs to carry out the investigation Identification of the Title for the project Identify the aim, objective and scope of the project Literature Review Understanding the background of the problem Understanding the history of the sensor technology in structural monitoring Carrying out literature survey on generic technologies of sensors for concrete structures Identify the types of sensor involved in monitoring the structural in civil engineering Identify the technique used and the working principle for each type of sensors (in particular optical fiber sensors) Case Study Choose the relevant and related case study for discussion Describe important aspects of case study Analyze the use of sensors in the case study Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations Discuss the similarities and differences Discuss the technical facets of sensor application Draw the overall conclusion for this project Give some recommendation for future Chapter 2: APPLICATIONS These days the fiber optic sensors are being used for a variety of applications, the most prominent of them being: Measurement of rotation and acceleration of bodies Measurement of electric and magnetic fields Measurement of temperature and pressure of bodies Measurement of acoustics and vibrations of various bodies Measurement of strain, viscosity and chemical properties of materials Measurement of surface condition and tactile sensing Measurement of sound , speed and proximity of bodies Determination of color and weight of different objects Measurement of linear and angular positions and this is widely utilized in civil engineering structures 2.1 ADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTIC SENSORS Like with any other technology, there are both advantages and disadvantages using fiber optic sensors. The prominent advantages being: Fiber optic sensors are lightweight and this is of great importance in case of engineered structures Fiber optic sensors are of smaller size as compared to the traditional sensors Also, fiber optic sensors consume less power as compared to the traditional sensors Along with this, these sensors show high resistance to electromagnetic interference as compared to the traditional sensors On top of this, fiber optic sensors have enjoy high bandwidth and high sensitivity as compared to their traditional counterparts Fiber optic sensors are usually embedded in objects and due to this, these sensors can gain access to areas which till date remain inaccessible with the aid of traditional sensors Also, these sensors are accurate over a greater dynamic range as compared to the traditional sensors Fiber optic sensors are also capable of being multiplexed which again is a further advantage over their traditional counterparts Also, fiber optic sensors are capable of distributed measurements which gives them an edge over and above the traditional sensors Last but not the least, they also show greater environmental ruggedness as compared to the traditional sensors 2.2 DISADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTIC SENSORS But all this is just one side of the coin. Though on seeing these advantages, it might appear that fiber optic sensors are way too advanced as compared to the traditional ones, but it is not exactly true. These fiber optic sensors also have some disadvantages due to which their advancement in todays world has been somewhat curtailed. The major disadvantages of fiber optic sensors are: Fiber optic sensors are quite costly as compared to the traditional sensors. Due to this, many people still consider traditional sensors to be a better option in cases where cost is a major consideration. Secondly, these sensors have come into prominence only in the last two decades. Due to this, people appear to be somewhat less educated regarding their usage and operations. And this unfamiliarity with the usage of these sensors, has proved to be a major hurdle in being able to capture the whole market. Also, these sensors are considered to be more fragile as compared to the traditional sensors which raises a question over their adaptability in extreme conditions Also with the fiber optic sensors there exists the inherit ingress/egress difficulty Fiber optic sensors usually have a non-linear output which is a cause for concern in some applications From the above discussion, we can see that as is the case with any other new technology, there are both merits and demerits of fiber optic sensors. But, what is worth considering here is that the advantages of this technology are much more than its disadvantages and are able to outweigh them. Also, from the demerits which are mentioned here, it is clear that these demerits are bound to wither away as this technology develops and gains more prominence. 2.3 APPLICATIONS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Now we come to the discussion of the need and applications of the fiber optic sensors in the field of civil engineering structures. The monitoring of civil structures has a great significance in todays world. Today, we not only need to construct reliable and strong civil structures, but we also need to monitor these structures in order to ensure their proper functioning and their safety. Also, with the aid of the monitoring of various parameters of the structures, we can get knowledge about state of the building and by using this data, we can in turn plan the maintenance schedule for the structure (Mckinley, 2000). Also, this data can give us an insight into the real behavior of the structure and can thus take make important decisions regarding the optimization of similar structures which are to b e constructed in future. The maintenance of the structures can be approached in one of the two ways, namely: Material point of view- In this approach, monitoring is concentrated on local properties of the materials which are used in the construction. In this approach, we observe the behavior of the construction materials under the conditions of load, temperature etc. In this approach, short base length sensors are usually utilized. Also, it is possible to get the information about the whole structure with the aid of extrapolation of the data obtained from these sensors. Structural point of view- In this approach of measurement, the structure is viewed from a geometrical point of view. In this approach, long gauge length sensors appear to be the ideal choice. In this approach, we will be able to detect material degradation only if this material degradation has an impact on the form of the structure. In the recent years most of the research work which has been carried out in field of optic sensors has been in the field of material monitoring rather than structural monitoring. It is also worth mentioning here that, more sensors are required in the case of material monitoring as compared to structural monitoring. We know that civil engineering requires sensors that can be embedded in the concrete, mortars, steel, rocks, soil, road pavements etc. and can measure various parameters reliably. Also what should be taken into account is that these sensors should be easy to install and should not hamper the construction work or the properties of the structure in any derogatory manner. Also, it is common knowledge that at the sites of civil engineering, there exist the unavoidable conditions of dust, pollution, electromagnetic disturbances and of unskilled labor. Thus, the sensors to be used in these cases need to be rugged, should be inert to harsh environment conditions and should be easy to install and their installation could be carried out by unskilled labor. Along with all these things, it is imperative that these sensors are able to survive a period of at least ten years so that they can allow for a constant monitoring of the aging of the structure. Thus, we see that the fiber optic sensors ca n prove to be quite handful in civil engineering applications and structures. In the past various kinds of sensors have been used in civil engineering for measuring temperature, pressure, stress, strain etc. And as the optical fiber sensors spread their wings, the civil engineering is bound to gain a lot from these modern sensors (Vurpillot et al., 1998). Chapter 3: LITERATURE REVIEW ON FIBER OPTIC SENSORS Fiber optic sensors are of many kinds, but they can be broadly classified into two types, namely, extrinsic fiber optic sensors and intrinsic fiber optic sensors. There is a great deal of difference between these two types of fiber optic sensors and this difference is discussed in detail below. 3.1 EXTRINSIC FIBER OPTIC SENSORS This type of fiber optic sensor is also known as hybrid fiber optic sensor. As we can see in the figure above that there is a black box and an input fiber enters into this black box. And from this input fiber, information is impressed upon light beam. There can be various ways by which the information can be impressed upon. Usually this information is impressed upon the light beam in terms of frequency or polarization. This light which then posses the information is carried away by the optical fiber. The optical fiber now goes to an electronic processor. (Vurpillot et al., 1998) Here, in the electronic processor the information which is brought along by the fiber is processed. Though we can have separate input fiber and output fiber, but in some cases it is preferred to have the same fiber as the input fiber and the output fiber. 3.2 INTRINSIC FIBER OPTIC SENSORS Intrinsic fiber optic sensors Extrinsic fiber optic sensors In this sensor, the fiber itself acts as the sensor medium In this sensor, the fiber does not act as the sensor medium. It merely acts as a light delivery and collection system In this fiber optic sensor, the light never leaves the medium and always stays inside the medium In this fiber optic sensor, the light leaves the medium, then it is altered in some way and is collected by another fiber. 3.3 INTENSITY BASED FIBER OPTIC SENSORS While there exist various kinds of fiber optic sensors today, but the most common of these sensors is the hybrid type fiber optic sensor which depends upon intensity modulation in order to carry out the measurements (Zako et al., 1995) The functioning of this fiber optic sensor is quite simple. In this fiber optic sensor, light enters from one side. And when this light exits from the other side, it exits in the form of a cone and the angle of this cone depends on two parameters. The two parameters upon which the angle of this cone depends are: Firstly, it depends on the index of refraction of the core Secondly, it depends on the cladding of the optical fiber Also, the amount of light captured by the second optic fiber depends on a number of factors. The prominent factors on which the amount of light captured depend are: It depends on the acceptance angle It also depends on the distance d between the optical fibers Another type of fiber optic sensor is the flexible mounted mirror sensor. The important characteristics of this sensor are: In this case, a mirror is mounted which is used to respond to external parameters such as pressure. The modulation in intensity is caused the shifts in the mirror position. These sensors are used in a variety of applications such as door closures. In a door closure, a reflective strip is used. These sensors are used to measure small variations and displacements 3.4 LINEAR POSITION SENSORS In todays world, linear position sensors have become widely applicable. They are being used for various purposes (Zako et al., 1995). In many of the linear positioning sensors, wavelength division multiplexing is used. An illustration of the linear position sensor is shown in the figure below. The various components of this linear position sensor are: It consists of a broadband light source It consists of various detectors as shown in the figure above It also consists of wavelength division multiplexing element which acts as the principal component of this instrument. It also consists of an encoder card In the example above, a broadband light source is utilized. The light from this broadband source is carried to a wavelength division multiplexing system with the aid of a single optic fiber. The wavelength division multiplexing system is used to determine the linear position. Another linear motion sensing method which is very widely used today and is quite similar to the method discussed above is known as the time division multiplexing method. In this method instead of a broadband light source a light pulse is used. Here, the combination of the returned signals takes place. As a result of this combination of the returned signals, the net signal which is produced moves onto the position of the encoder card. The main areas in which these intensity based fiber optic sensors have found application are: In commercial aircrafts In military aircrafts In these applications these modern sensors have performed quite well and are at par with the performance of the conventional sensors. But, because of the various advantages these sensors enjoy over and above the conventional sensors, these modern sensors are bound to replace the conventional sensors in the years to come. 3.5 LIQUID LEVEL SENSORS This is another type of intensity based fiber optic sensor. In the functioning of this sensor, the principle of total internal reflection is utilized. Thus, in these sensors the refraction index of the glass and the fiber occupy the pivotal role. These sensors can be utilized for a variety of purposes. The most prominent of its applications are: Measurement of pressure changes in gels Measurement of pressure changes in various liquids Measurement of refractive index changes in gels Measurement of refractive index changes in different types of liquids Measurement of the level of a liquid in a vessel and this application is utilized in various industries to measure liquid levels These sensors have an accuracy of about 5 percent and are gaining importance in various industries for their usefulness. 3.6 SOFO SENSORS These are fiber optic sensors which are utilized for strain measurement. These sensors have become quite popular owing to their innate merits. Out of all the fiber optic sensors, these sensors are the ones which are being used most extensively today. These sensors are being used to measure curvature and various other parameters in giant civil structures. These sensors form a part of the interferometric system (Vurpillot et al., 1998). Also, these sensors have the ability of measuring the parameters in an absolute manner using low-coherent light. The important properties of these sensors are: These fiber optic sensors enjoy a high resolution. The resolution of these sensors is 2 Â µm These sensors can be of varied lengths. Their length can be as small as 0.2m or can be as large as 20m. Also, these sensors have the property of being temperature compensated The SOFO system setup consists of a number of equipments. The main components of the SOFO system setup are: It consists of a fiber optic sensor which forms the crux of this monitoring system. It is the most important component of the monitoring system. It consists of a sensor chain with partial reflectors. One terminal of this sensor is connected to the coupler Another terminal of the sensor chain with partial reflectors is connected to the LED. The coupler in turn is connected to the photo diode and a mobile mirror. This whole portable reading unit is connected to portable computer terminal. This ensures that that the whole monitoring system can be taken to the location and can be directly used at site. These sensors can be utilized in two ways. They can either be embedded in the structure at the time of the construction of the structure. Or, they can used to measure the various parameters externally. Though in both the cases, that is, in case of embedding or in the case of external anchoring, the performance of the sensors remains the same, but still, in modern smart structures, embedding is preferred (Perez 2001). .This is because, in the case of embedded sensors, the sensors continuously measure the parameters and are easy to manage. Whereas in the older structures, where embedding is not preferred, external anchoring is used. Chapter 4: CASE STUDIES Case study 1: Monitoring of San Giorgio pier San Giorgio pier is a massive concrete structure. Its length is about 400metres. It is very essential to carry out its monitoring in order to know about its deformation. This in turn, is very useful in determining the safety of this pier. At this pier, it was earlier proposed to use the conventional methods to monitor the deformation. This involved the use of conventional sensors for measurement. But, the problem with this method was that in the case of conventional sensors, we could get the data of the various parameters of the pier for only a short period. And, as we know that in order to determine anything conclusively about such large concrete structures we need data for a very long period. But, here as it was the case with the conventional sensors, we could get data only for short periods. Thus, with the aid of the conventional methods which were employing conventional sensors, we could not say anything conclusively. (Andrea Del Grosso et al.) Thus, there existed the need to emp loy fiber optic sensors in order to determine the deformation of this massive pier. It was possible to measure the deformation of this pier with the aid of the fiber optic sensors because of the following advantages which the fiber optic sensors enjoy over and above the conventional sensors: Fiber optic sensors are long base strain sensors and this property of the fiber optic sensors was very important in this case. This was because, as the pier was a massive concrete structure, therefore, measurement of

Infosys Case Study

Oracle Customer Case Study Infosys Goes to University to Build Business Worldwide â€Å"The quality of the courses is very good and the materials are extremely well designed. We have also had extremely strong feedback from Infosys staff who have completed courses at Oracle University. † – Dr Subhash Chandra Rastogi, Head, Enterprise Solutions Academy, Infosys Technologies Ltd Infosys Technologies Ltd (NASDAQ: INFY) defines, designs, and delivers IT-enabled business solutions. These solutions focus on providing clients with strategic differentiation and operational superiority. Infosys creates these solutions by leveraging its domain and business expertise to offer a complete range of services. For the fiscal year ending March 31, 2007, Infosys recorded revenues of more than US$3 billion with net income of over US$850 million. Infosys is a NASDAQ 100 company. Infosys uses a global alliance with Oracle to deliver Oracle-based systems and services to clients worldwide. These enable businesses to build a more flexible architecture to support faster deployment of new applications, achieve a consolidated view of their global supply chain, reduce costs by leveraging global sourcing, or employ predictive capabilities to exploit emerging opportunities or avert looming obstacles. To support Infosys’ status as a Global SI Partner—recognized at the Worldwide Certified Advantage Partner level—Oracle has provided extensive training support through its Oracle University educational resource. More than 3,000 Infosys employees globally have benefited through Oracle University-based knowledge, enabling them to deliver Oracle products and services to a high level of expertise. Oracle University courses typically run between five and 15 days, depending on the complexity of the product and associated business process changes. â€Å"The quality of the courses is very good and the materials are extremely well designed,† said Dr Subhash Chandra Rastogi, head of the Enterprise Solutions Academy at Infosys. We have also had extremely strong feedback from Infosys staff who have completed courses at Oracle University. † Copyright  © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Published February 2008 Infosys Technologies Ltd Bangalore, India www. infosys. com Industry: Professional Services Annual Revenue: US$3. 09 billion Employees: 80,500 Orac le Products & Services: Oracle University Key Benefits: Ensured more than 100 staff are certified in Oracle E-Business Suite, qualifying them to deliver the solution to customers worldwide Provided feedback into the beta version of Oracle E-Business Suite Enabled staff around the world to undertake training in their own time via online courses Enabled more than 3,000 employees to take various Oracle University learning programs through a range of delivery modes Oracle Customer Case Study Upskilling Delivers Results Infosys is one of the world’s most rapidly growing consulting and information technology services companies. In 2007, the company’s revenues crossed US$3 billion. Key to the company’s success is its low-risk, high-quality Global Delivery Model, whereby work is broken up into logical components to be completed in the most efficient location. With staff numbers rising sharply, in 2003 Infosys created an Enterprise Solutions Academy (ES Academy) within the company to manage the educational requirements of everyone from new recruits to 20-year veterans. The ES Academy currently has to service an annual intake that reached 1,740 engineers and MBA graduates in 2006. â€Å"This is a very different concept for a systems integrator, but we had to ensure our staff could get the expertise nd certification needed to service our clients to the very highest level,† said Dr Rastogi. While the ES Academy itself provides an extensive portfolio of training and certification courses, the academy has partnered with Oracle University to provide its consultants with training in Oracle products. â€Å"Oracle is constantly growing its portfolio of solu tions, upgrading existing products, and acquiring new product companies,† said Dr Rastogi. â€Å"Oracle University provides expert, in-depth training across the Oracle suite of products and services. There is no point in us trying to duplicate this effort or invest in something we don’t need to,† he added. Participating in the Oracle University program brings benefits to Infosys other than a more skilled workforce. As a strategic partner to Oracle, Infosys can also contribute knowledge to the development of new Oracle products and services. â€Å"We did contribute to the beta certification of Oracle E-Business Suite, with more than 150 Infosys consultants providing input to Oracle University as to where the product could be improved,† said Dr Rastogi. We now have more than 100 people certified in Oracle E-Business Suite—more than anyone else in the world— and they continue to provide lots of input to Oracle as well as staying appraised of new developments. † Copyright  © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Published February 2008 Oracle Customer Case Study Oracle University Reviews Infosys Curriculum It often becomes viable for the ES Academy to deliver Oracle courses internally based on the level of demand, or for some basic products. For example, 85% of consultants that specialize in relatively ‘vanilla’ products such as Oracle9i Database are trained in-house, with the remaining 15% undertaking courses at Oracle University. â€Å"To ensure quality, we engaged Oracle University to review our curriculum content, materials, and questions for course attendees,† said Dr Rastogi. â€Å"They give us sound advice that ensures we deliver the best possible internal courses. † These courses do not cover newer products, or products taken on through acquisition of companies such as Hyperion or Demantra. About 95% of consultants that specialize in these new areas take the relevant courses from Oracle University. Overcoming the Tyranny of Distance Infosys’ burgeoning growth within India and worldwide has created a geographically distributed organization that makes delivering face-to-face training, a sometimes costly exercise. â€Å"This has posed a problem for us because people in India are not used to alternatives such as e-learning,† said Dr Rastogi. â€Å"People prefer to come to a classroom. â€Å"In addition, the firewall we apply across our systems prevents Infosys employees from viewing streaming audio and video. To create more flexibility for staff to access the online courses available through Oracle University, Infosys is establishing e-libraries in offices in Pune, Mangalore, and Hyderabad. These currently include 20 PCs where staff can access streaming audio and video. This number is expected to grow to 100–150 by late 2008 across various locations i n India. Employees working in Europe and the U. S. are already benefiting from streaming audio and video. The availability of online courses through Oracle University means staff will be able to undertake training without disrupting their client work. The benefits of e-learning apply to staff outside India as well. â€Å"Our certification program applies to employees regardless of Copyright  © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Published February 2008 Oracle Customer Case Study country,† said Dr Rastogi. â€Å"We have 25 to 30 staff who specialize in Oracle E-Business Suite who work in Europe or the U. S. † Helping Ambitious Employees to Get Ahead A certification from Oracle University can provide ambitious employees with an edge in the competitive Infosys culture. Because it’s an external certification, it provides good branding for an employee,† said Dr Rastogi. â€Å"They become of greater value to Infosys and to our customers. † Infosys Technologies Ltd (NASDAQ: INFY) defines, designs, and delivers ITenabled business solutions. For the fiscal year ended Marc h 31, 2007, Infosys recorded revenues of more than US$3 billion with net income of over US$850 million. Copyright  © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Published February 2008 Infosys Case Study Oracle Customer Case Study Infosys Goes to University to Build Business Worldwide â€Å"The quality of the courses is very good and the materials are extremely well designed. We have also had extremely strong feedback from Infosys staff who have completed courses at Oracle University. † – Dr Subhash Chandra Rastogi, Head, Enterprise Solutions Academy, Infosys Technologies Ltd Infosys Technologies Ltd (NASDAQ: INFY) defines, designs, and delivers IT-enabled business solutions. These solutions focus on providing clients with strategic differentiation and operational superiority. Infosys creates these solutions by leveraging its domain and business expertise to offer a complete range of services. For the fiscal year ending March 31, 2007, Infosys recorded revenues of more than US$3 billion with net income of over US$850 million. Infosys is a NASDAQ 100 company. Infosys uses a global alliance with Oracle to deliver Oracle-based systems and services to clients worldwide. These enable businesses to build a more flexible architecture to support faster deployment of new applications, achieve a consolidated view of their global supply chain, reduce costs by leveraging global sourcing, or employ predictive capabilities to exploit emerging opportunities or avert looming obstacles. To support Infosys’ status as a Global SI Partner—recognized at the Worldwide Certified Advantage Partner level—Oracle has provided extensive training support through its Oracle University educational resource. More than 3,000 Infosys employees globally have benefited through Oracle University-based knowledge, enabling them to deliver Oracle products and services to a high level of expertise. Oracle University courses typically run between five and 15 days, depending on the complexity of the product and associated business process changes. â€Å"The quality of the courses is very good and the materials are extremely well designed,† said Dr Subhash Chandra Rastogi, head of the Enterprise Solutions Academy at Infosys. We have also had extremely strong feedback from Infosys staff who have completed courses at Oracle University. † Copyright  © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Published February 2008 Infosys Technologies Ltd Bangalore, India www. infosys. com Industry: Professional Services Annual Revenue: US$3. 09 billion Employees: 80,500 Orac le Products & Services: Oracle University Key Benefits: Ensured more than 100 staff are certified in Oracle E-Business Suite, qualifying them to deliver the solution to customers worldwide Provided feedback into the beta version of Oracle E-Business Suite Enabled staff around the world to undertake training in their own time via online courses Enabled more than 3,000 employees to take various Oracle University learning programs through a range of delivery modes Oracle Customer Case Study Upskilling Delivers Results Infosys is one of the world’s most rapidly growing consulting and information technology services companies. In 2007, the company’s revenues crossed US$3 billion. Key to the company’s success is its low-risk, high-quality Global Delivery Model, whereby work is broken up into logical components to be completed in the most efficient location. With staff numbers rising sharply, in 2003 Infosys created an Enterprise Solutions Academy (ES Academy) within the company to manage the educational requirements of everyone from new recruits to 20-year veterans. The ES Academy currently has to service an annual intake that reached 1,740 engineers and MBA graduates in 2006. â€Å"This is a very different concept for a systems integrator, but we had to ensure our staff could get the expertise nd certification needed to service our clients to the very highest level,† said Dr Rastogi. While the ES Academy itself provides an extensive portfolio of training and certification courses, the academy has partnered with Oracle University to provide its consultants with training in Oracle products. â€Å"Oracle is constantly growing its portfolio of solu tions, upgrading existing products, and acquiring new product companies,† said Dr Rastogi. â€Å"Oracle University provides expert, in-depth training across the Oracle suite of products and services. There is no point in us trying to duplicate this effort or invest in something we don’t need to,† he added. Participating in the Oracle University program brings benefits to Infosys other than a more skilled workforce. As a strategic partner to Oracle, Infosys can also contribute knowledge to the development of new Oracle products and services. â€Å"We did contribute to the beta certification of Oracle E-Business Suite, with more than 150 Infosys consultants providing input to Oracle University as to where the product could be improved,† said Dr Rastogi. We now have more than 100 people certified in Oracle E-Business Suite—more than anyone else in the world— and they continue to provide lots of input to Oracle as well as staying appraised of new developments. † Copyright  © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Published February 2008 Oracle Customer Case Study Oracle University Reviews Infosys Curriculum It often becomes viable for the ES Academy to deliver Oracle courses internally based on the level of demand, or for some basic products. For example, 85% of consultants that specialize in relatively ‘vanilla’ products such as Oracle9i Database are trained in-house, with the remaining 15% undertaking courses at Oracle University. â€Å"To ensure quality, we engaged Oracle University to review our curriculum content, materials, and questions for course attendees,† said Dr Rastogi. â€Å"They give us sound advice that ensures we deliver the best possible internal courses. † These courses do not cover newer products, or products taken on through acquisition of companies such as Hyperion or Demantra. About 95% of consultants that specialize in these new areas take the relevant courses from Oracle University. Overcoming the Tyranny of Distance Infosys’ burgeoning growth within India and worldwide has created a geographically distributed organization that makes delivering face-to-face training, a sometimes costly exercise. â€Å"This has posed a problem for us because people in India are not used to alternatives such as e-learning,† said Dr Rastogi. â€Å"People prefer to come to a classroom. â€Å"In addition, the firewall we apply across our systems prevents Infosys employees from viewing streaming audio and video. To create more flexibility for staff to access the online courses available through Oracle University, Infosys is establishing e-libraries in offices in Pune, Mangalore, and Hyderabad. These currently include 20 PCs where staff can access streaming audio and video. This number is expected to grow to 100–150 by late 2008 across various locations i n India. Employees working in Europe and the U. S. are already benefiting from streaming audio and video. The availability of online courses through Oracle University means staff will be able to undertake training without disrupting their client work. The benefits of e-learning apply to staff outside India as well. â€Å"Our certification program applies to employees regardless of Copyright  © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Published February 2008 Oracle Customer Case Study country,† said Dr Rastogi. â€Å"We have 25 to 30 staff who specialize in Oracle E-Business Suite who work in Europe or the U. S. † Helping Ambitious Employees to Get Ahead A certification from Oracle University can provide ambitious employees with an edge in the competitive Infosys culture. Because it’s an external certification, it provides good branding for an employee,† said Dr Rastogi. â€Å"They become of greater value to Infosys and to our customers. † Infosys Technologies Ltd (NASDAQ: INFY) defines, designs, and delivers ITenabled business solutions. For the fiscal year ended Marc h 31, 2007, Infosys recorded revenues of more than US$3 billion with net income of over US$850 million. Copyright  © 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Published February 2008